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2005/05/03 (07:38) from 129.206.196.26' of 129.206.196.26' Article Number : 379
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»öÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °Í: ±¹³» ¿ª»ç, ¼¼°è»ç, öÇÐ, °úÇÐÀϹÝ, ¼öÇÐ, Áß¿ä ¹°¸®ºÐ¾ß, È­Çкоß, »ý¹°ºÐ¾ß, Áö±¸°úÇÐ, °øÇÐ
137¾ï³â Àü: ¿ìÁÖ Åº»ý
45¾ï³â Àü: Áö±¸ »ý¼º.
¼±Ä¯ºê¸®¾Æ±â(Precambrian Eon)
38¾ï 5õ¸¸³â Àü: ½Ã»ý´ë(ã·ßæÓÛ, Archaeozoic Era) ½ÃÀÛ. ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹° ÃâÇö.
35¾ï³â Àü: ¿øÇٽĹ° ³²Á¶·ù(ÕÀðÝ×¾, blue-green algae) ÃâÇö.
26¾ï³â Àü: ¿ø»ý´ë(ê«ßæÓÛ, Proterozoic Era) ½ÃÀÛ. ´Ù¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹° ÃâÇö.
5¾ï 8õ¸¸³â Àü: °í»ý´ë(ͯßæÓÛ, Paleozoic Era) ½ÃÀÛ
įºê¸®¾Æ±â(Cambrian Period): 5¾ï 8õ¸¸~5¾ï³â. Á¶°³·ù ÃâÇö.
¿À¸£µµºñ½º±â(Ordovician Period): 5¾ï³â~ 4¾ï 3000¸¸³â. ¾î·ù ÃâÇö.
½Ç·ç¸®¾Æ±â(Silurian Period): 4¾ï 3õ¸¸³â~3¾ï 9500¸¸³â. À°»ó½Ä¹° ÃâÇö.
µ¥º»±â(Devonian Period): 3¾ï 9500¸¸³â~3¾ï 4500¸¸³â. ¾ç¼­·ù ÃâÇö.
¼®Åº±â(à´÷©Ñº Carboniferous Period): 3¾ï 4500¸¸³â~2¾ï 8000¸¸³â. ÆÄÃæ·ù ÃâÇö.
Æ丧±â(Permian Period): 2¾ï 7000¸¸³â~2¾ï 3000¸¸³â. Æ÷À¯·ù°úÀÇ ÆÄÃæ·ù ÃâÇö. ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°ÀÇ ´ë·® ¸êÁ¾.
2¾ï 5õ¸¸³â Àü: Áß»ý´ë(ñéßæÓÛ, Mesozoic era) ½ÃÀÛ
Æ®¶óÀ̾ƽº±â(Triassic Period): 2¾ï 3000¸¸³â~1¾ï 8000¸¸³â. °ø·æ ÃâÇö.
Áã¶ó±â(Jurassic Period): 1¾ï 8000¸¸³â~1¾ï 3500¸¸³â. Á¶·ù, Æ÷À¯·ù ÃâÇö.
¹é¾Ç±â(ÛÜä¾Ñº Cretaceous period): 1¾ï 3500¸¸³â~6500¸¸³â. »ý¸íüÀÇ ´ë¸êÁ¾.
6õ 5¹é¸¸³â Àü: 3±â(tertiary) ½Å»ý´ë(ãæßæÓÛ, Cenozoic Era) ½ÃÀÛ. Æ÷À¯·ù ¹ø¼º.
ÆÈ·¹¿À¼¼(Paleocene È¿½Å¼¼ üûãæá¦): 6500¸¸~5500¸¸³âÀü
¿¡¿À¼¼(Eocene ½Ã½Å¼¼ ã·ãæá¦): 5500¸¸~3370¸¸³âÀü
¿Ã¸®°í¼¼(Oligocene Á¡½Å¼¼ ïÂãæá¦): 3370¸¸~2380¸¸³âÀü
¸¶ÀÌ¿À¼¼(Miocene Á߽ż¼ ñéãæá¦): 2380¸¸~530¸¸³âÀü
ÇöóÀÌ¿À¼¼(Pliocene ¼±½Å¼¼ àØãæá¦): 530¸¸~180¸¸³âÀü.
200¸¸³â Àü: 4±â(Quaternary) ½Å»ý´ë(ãæßæÓÛ, Cenozoic Era) ½ÃÀÛ
È«Àû¼¼(ûóîÝá¦, Pleistocene Epoch): 200¸¸³â~1¸¸³âÀü.
40¸¸³âÀü: È£¸ð ¿¡·ºÅõ½º ÃâÇö.
20¸¸³âÀü: È£¸ð »çÇÇ¿£½º (³×¾Èµ¥¸£Å») ÃâÇö.
3¸¸³âÀü: È£¸ð »çÇÇ¿£½º »çÇÇ¿£½º (Äڷθ¶´¨) ÃâÇö.
ÃæÀû¼¼(õøîÝá¦, Alluvial Epoch, Çö¼¼, Holocene): 1¸¸³âÀü~ÇöÀç.
1¸¸³âÀü: ½Å¼®±â ½Ã´ë ½ÃÀÛ.

BC 4000³â°æ: (ÀÌÁýÆ®, ¸Þ½ºÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ, Àδõ½º, ȲÇÏ) 4´ë ¹®¸í ¹ß»ý.
BC 3000³â°æ~BC 1200³â°æ: ûµ¿±â ½Ã´ë.


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BC 1750³â°æ: ÇÔ¹«¶óºñ¹ýÀü
È£¸Þ·Î½º (Homeros, BC 800¡­750) Àϸ®¾Æ½º(Illias), ¿Àµð¼¼À̾Æ(Odysseia).
BC 753³â 4¿ù 21ÀÏ: ·Î¹°·ç½º°¡ ·Î¸¶ °Ç±¹
Çì½Ã¿Àµµ½º (Hesiodos, BC 710³â°æ~?) "½ÅÅë±â(ãê÷ÖÑÀ, Theogony)" Àú¼ú.

Å»·¹½º(Thales, BC 624¡­546) ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø(arche)Àº ¹°(â©). ¸¶ÂûÀü±â, ÀÚ¼®¹ß°ß.
À̼٠(Aisopos, Aesop, BC, 620~560) À̼ٿìÈ­.
¾Æ³«½Ã¸¸µå·Î½º (Anaximandros, BC 610¡­546) ¹«ÇÑ(apeiron)¿¡¼­ ¸¸¹°(Èë,¹°,ºÒ,°ø±â)ÀÌ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ¹°°í±â È­¼® ¹ß°ß.
³ëÀÚ(ÒÇí­, BC 604?.2.15¡­531?) ¹«À§ÀÚ¿¬(ÙíêÓí»æÔ).
¾Æ³«½Ã¸Þ³×½º (Anaximenes, BC 585¡­525) ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀº °ø±â(ù¦).
ÇÇŸ°í¶ó½º (Pythagoras, BC 582~497) ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀº ¼ö(â¦). ¿ìÁÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Áú¼­Ã¼°è(kosmos).
Å©¼¼³ëÆij׽º (Xenophanes, BC 570~480) ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀº Èë(ò¢).
¼®°¡ (à·Ê¼, Buddha, °íŸ¸¶ ½Ë´ÞŸ, Gotama Siddhartha, BC 563¡­483) ºÒ±³ â½Ã. »öÁï½Ã°ø °øÁï½Ã»ö(ßäñíãÀÍö ÍöñíãÀßä).
°øÀÚ(Íîí­, BC 552~479)
Çì¶óŬ·¹ÀÌÅ佺 (Herakleitos, BC541~475) ¸¸¹°Àº ºÒ(ûý)ó·³ º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¹°Àº À¯ÀüÇÑ´Ù. º¯Áõ¹ý.
¿¡Å©ÆÇÅ佺 (Ekphantos, BC 520¡­460) Áö±¸ÀÇ ÀÚÀü¼³(rotation) ÁÖÀå.
Æĸ£¸Þ´Ïµ¥½º (Parmenides, BC 515~445) 'Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Í¡¯¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¡®Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í(Áø°ø)'Àº ¾ø´Ù. À¯ÀÏÀÚ. ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐ.
¾Æ³«»ç°í¶ó½º (Anaxagoras, BC 500¡­428) ¸¸¹°Àº óÀ½ºÎÅÍ Á¸Àç. ÀÌ¿ø·Ð[¾¾¾Ñ(spermata)¿Í Áö¼º(nous)].
¼ÒÆ÷Ŭ·¹½º (Sophocles, BC 496~ 406) ºñ±Ø "¿ÀÀ̵ðǪ½º ¿Õ (Oedipus Tyrannus)".
Æ丣½Ã¾Æ ÀüÀï(Greco-Persian Wars, BC 490¡­480):
Á¦³í (Zenon of Elea, ¿¤·¹¾ÆÀÇ Á¦³í, BC 490¡­430) ¾Æų·¹½º¿Í °ÅºÏ.
ÇÁ·ÎŸ°í¶ó½º (Protagoras, BC 485¡­414) Àΰ£Àº ¸¸¹°ÀÇ Ã´µµ.
Çì·ÎµµÅ佺 (Herodotos, BC 484~425) "¿ª»ç(æ¸ÞÈ, Historiae, Æ丣½Ã¾Æ ÀüÀï»ç)" ¼­¼ú.
¿¥Æ䵵Ŭ·¹½º (Empedocles, BC 483¡­435) ´Ù¿ø·Ð(ÒýêªÖå, pluralism). ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ùº»Àº Èë,¹°,ºÒ, °ø±â(ò¢â©ûýù¦). »ç¶û°ú ¹Ì¿òÀ¸·Î ¹°ÁúÀÌ »ý¼º,¼Ò¸ê.
·¹¿ìÅ°Æ÷½º (Leukippos, BC 480¡­420): ¿øÀڷРâ½Ã. ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÂÉ°¶ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ¿øÀÚ(atom)À̶ó À̸§ºÙÀÓ.
¹¬ÀÚ (Ùøí­, BC 480~390) ¹«Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ »ç¶û, °â¾Ö¼³(ÌÂäñàã).

¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º(Socrates, BC 469¡­399) »êÆļú(ߧ÷èâú, maieutike), ¹Ý¾î¹ý(ÚãåÞÛö, eironeia, irony), ¹«ÁöÀÇ ÀÚ°¢.
È÷Æ÷Å©¶óÅ×½º (Hippokrates, BC 460¡­377) ÀλýÀº ª°í ¿¹¼ú(ÀǼú)Àº ±æ´Ù. º´À» ³´°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬. Á¡¾×¡¤È²»ö¾µ°³Áó¡¤Èæ»ö¾µ°³Áó¡¤Ç÷¾×ÀÇ 4°¡Áö ü¾×ÀÌ ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·é»óÅ°¡ °Ç°­ÇÑ »óÅÂ(¿¡¿ìÅ©¶óÁö¿¡, eukrasie). ´ÙÇ÷Áú(sanguine), ´ãÁóÁú(cholerikier), Á¡¾×Áú(phlegmatic), Èæ´ãÁóÁú(melancholio).
BC 433: ¸ÞÅæ (Meton, BC 460?~?) À½·Â 19³âµ¿¾È 7¹ø (¸ÞÅæÁÖ±â, Metonic cycle) À±³âÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿ª¹ý Á¦¾È.
µ¥¸ðÅ©¸®Å佺(Democritus, BC 460¡­370) °í´ë ¿øÀÚ·Ð ÁÖÀå. Àεµ±îÁö ¿©Çà.
ÇöóÅæ (Platon, BC 429~347) À̵¥¾Æ(Idea).
Å×¾ÆÀÌÅ×Å佺(Theaetetos, BC 417~369)
µð¿À°Ô³×½º (Diogenes, BC 412~323) "ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °ÍÀº ºÎ²ô·´Áö ¾Ê´Ù". °ßÀ¯ÇÐÆÄ(̳êãùÊ÷ï, Cynics).
¿¡¿ìµ¶¼Ò½º (Eudoxos, BC 408~355) 27°³ µ¿½É õ±¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© õüÀÇ ¿îµ¿ ¼³¸í. Ȳ±ÝºÐÇÒ(Golden section, ¨ª=1.618033988769...) ¸í¸í.
BC 385³â: ÇöóÅæ ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì(Academeia) ¼³¸³.
¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º (Aristoteles, BC384¡­322)
Çì¶óŬ·¹À̵¥½º (Heracleides Ponticos, BC 388~315) Áö±¸ÀÇ ÀÚÀü¼³ ÁÖÀå.
¸ÍÀÚ(BC 372~289) ¼º¼±¼³(àõà¼àã).
ÀåÀÚ (íöí­, BC 369~BC 289) ¾È½ÉÀÔ¸í(äÌãýء٤).
¾Ë·º»ê´õ ´ë¿Õ(Alexandros the Great, BC 356~323.6.13)
¿¡ÇÇÄí·Î½º (Epikouros, BC 342~271) ¿øÀÚ·ÐÀÚ. Äè¶ô(Ataraxia, 'È¥¶õÀÌ ¾ø´Ù'´Â ¶æ)ÁÖÀÇ. "ÀνÄ(ìããÛ)À̶õ °¨°¢Àû Áö°¢¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê°í ¹°Ã¼°¡ ¹æ»ç(Û¯ÞÒ)ÇÏ´Â ¿øÀÚ¿Í °¨°¢±â°ü°úÀÇ Á¢ÃË¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼º¸³ÇÑ´Ù"
BC 335³â: ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º ¸®ÄÉÀÌ¿Â(Lykeion) ¼³¸³.
À¯Å¬¸®µå (Euclid, BC 330?~275?) "±âÇÏÇÐ ¿øº»(Stoikheia, Elements)".
°ø¼Õ·æ (ÍëáÝéÌ, BC 320~BC 250) ±Ëº¯·ÐÀÚ. "¹é¸¶´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù".
¾Æ¸®½ºÅ¸Äí½º (Aristachus, BC 310~230)žçÁ߽ɼ³. ´ÞÀÇ Áö¸§, Áö±¸¿Í žç»çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®ÃøÁ¤.
¼øÀÚ (âðí­, BC 298~238): ¼º¾Ç¼³(àõäÂàã).
BC 306: ÇÁÅç·¹¸¶À̽º 1¼¼(Ptolemaeos I, BC 367~283) ¾Ë·º»ê´õ µµ¼­°ü ¹ÂÁ¦ÀÌ¿Â(Mouseion) °Ç¸³.
¾Æ¸£Å°¸Þµ¥½º (Archimedes, BC 287¡­212)Áö·¿´ëÀÇ ¿ø¸®. ¾Æ¸£Å°¸Þµ¥½º ¿ø¸®. 13°³ÀÇ ¾Æ¸£Å°¸Þµ¥½º ÀÔü (Archimedean Solids) ¹ß°ß.
¿¡¶óÅ佺Å׳׽º (Eratosthenes, BC 273~192) Áö±¸ µÑ·¹ ÃøÁ¤. º°¸í 'º£Å¸(beta, 2)'.
¾ÆÆú·Î´Ï¿ì½º (Apollonios of Perga, BC 262~190) Ç༺ÀÇ ±Ëµµ´Â ¿øÃß°î¼±. ÁÖÀü¿ø¼³. Ÿ¿ø(ellipse, ºÎÁ·ÇÔ), Æ÷¹°¼±(parabola, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔ), ½Ö°î¼±(hyperbola, ÃÊ°úÇÔ)À̶ó°í À̸§ºÙÀÓ. º°¸í '¿¦½Ç·Ð(epsilon, 5)'.
BC 221: Áø½ÃȲÁ¦(òÚã·üÕð¨): Áß±¹ ÅëÀÏ. ¿¬±Ý¼ú¿¡ °ü½É °¡Áü.
Ä«¸£³×¾Æµ¥½º (BC 214~129) °³¿¬·Ð(ËÏæÔÖå, probabilism, "Àý´ëÀû Áö½ÄÀº ¾ø´Ù") ÁÖÀå.
È÷Æĸ£ÄÚ½º (Hipparchos, BC 160~125) ÃáºÐÁ¡ÀÇ ¼¼Â÷¿îµ¿ ¹ß°ß. ÁÖÀü¿ø»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© õµ¿¼³ÁÖÀå.
BC 45³â: Ä«À̻縣 (Gaius Julius Caesar, BC 100.7.12~BC 44.3.15) À²¸®¿ì½º·Â(Julian calendar) Á¦Á¤.
·çÅ©·¹Æ¼¿ì½º (Titus Lucretius Carus, BC 99¡­55) "»ç¹°ÀÇ º»¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(On the Nature of things)"¿¡¼­ "¿øÀÚ(Atom)" »ç¿ë.
½ºÆ®¶óº»(Strabon, BC64~AD 23) ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ÀÌÁýÆ® Áö¿ªÀÇ »ê¿¡¼­ Á¶°³ È­¼® ¹ß°ß. ÁöÇ¥ À¶±â ÁÖÀå.

¿¹¼ö (Jesus Christ, BC 6?~AD 30?)
ÇÁÅç·¹¸¶ÀÌ¿À½º (Klaudios Ptolemaeos, 85~165) "¾Ë¸¶°Ô½ºÆ®(Almagest, 'ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Ã¥'¶ó´Â ¶æ)"Àú¼ú. õµ¿¼³.
ÀåÇü (íåû¬, 78~139) Àú¼­ "ȥõÀÇÁÖ(ûéô¸ëðñÉ)"¿¡¼­ ȥõ¼³(ûéô¸àã) ÁÖÀå.
°¥·¹³ë½º (Claudios Galenos, 129~199) ÇغÎÇÐ, »ý¸®ÇÐ ¿¬±¸.

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79³â
8¿ù: º£¼öºñ¿À È­»ê Æø¹ß·Î ÆûÆäÀÌ(Pompeii) ÁöÇÏ¿¡ ¹·Èû.
197³â
Å׸£Åø¸®¾Æ´©½º(Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, 160~220) "È£±³¼­(ûÞÎçßö, Apologeticum)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã37¼¼). "ºÒÇÕ¸®Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ï´Â´Ù". »ïÀ§ÀÏü ÁÖÀå.
242³â
¾Ï¸ð´Ï¿À½º »çÄ«½º(Ammonios Sakkas, 175~242) ½ÅÇöóÅæÁÖÀÇ(Neo-Platonism) Á¦Ã¢.
250³â
¼½½ºÅ佺 ¿¥ÆäÀ̸®ÄÚ½º(Sextus Empiricus, 200?~250?) "ÇÇ·Ð °³¿ä(Outlines of Pyrrhonism)", "Against the Logicians", "Against the Physicists", "Against the Ethicists", "Against the Professors" Àú¼ú.
269³â
Ç÷ÎƼ³ë½º(Plotinos, 205~269) ½ÅÇöóÅæÁÖÀÇ(Neo-Platonism) ¿Ï¼º.

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313³â
2¿ù: ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º 1¼¼ (Constantinus I, 274.2.27~337.5.22) ¹Ð¶ó³ë Ä¢·É(Milan Edict): Á¾±³ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÎÁ¤.
325³â
5¿ù~6¿ù: ´ÏÄÉ¾Æ °øÀÇȸ(Council of Nicaea): ´ÏÄɾƽŰæ(Nicaenum) äÅÃ. ¾ÆŸ³ª½Ã¿ì½º(Athanasius, 295~373, ´ç½Ã30¼¼)¿Í ¾Æ¸®¿ì½º(Arius, 250~336, ´ç½Ã75¼¼)ÀÇ ³íÀï. »ïÀ§ÀÏü¼³ È®¸³. À¯¿ùÀý ´ë½Å ºÎÈ°Àý(Easter, ÃáºÐÈÄ ¸¸¿ù ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Ã¹ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ) ÁöÅ´.
330³â
5¿ù 11ÀÏ: ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º 1¼¼ (Constantinus I, 274.2.27~337.5.22) ºñÀÜƾ¿¡ ÄܽºÅºÆ¼³ëÇÃ(Constantinopl) °Ç¼³. ºñÀÜÄ£ Á¦±¹(Byzantine Empire) ¼º¸³.
372³â
¾ÆµµÈ­»ó, ¼øµµÈ­»ó: °í±¸·Á ¼Ò¼ö¸²¿Õ 2³â ºÒ±³ Àü·¡
391³â
¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾Æ µµ¼­°üÀÇ º°°ü(serapium)ÀÌ Æı«µÊ.
392³â
µ¥¿Àµµ½Ã¿ì½º 1¼¼ (Theodosius I, 346.1.11~395.1.7) ±âµ¶±³ ·Î¸¶ ±¹±³È­.
395³â
·Î¸¶Á¦±¹ µ¿.¼­·Î ºÐ¿­.

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409³â
Æç¶ó±â¿ì½º(Pelagius, 354~418) "»ç¶÷Àº ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ÀÇÁö·Î½á ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ¼±¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù" ¶ó°í ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö °­Á¶.
427³â
¾Æ¿ì±¸½ºÆ¼´©½º (Aurelius Augnustinus, 354.11.13~430.8.28) ½Å±¹·Ð(ãêÏÐÖå, De civitate Dei) ¿Ï¼º. "ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀº 'Áö»óÀÇ ±¹°¡' »ç¶÷°ú '½ÅÀÇ ±¹°¡'»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼¯¿©Àִµ¥ ±³È¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ½ÅÀÇ ±¹°¡·Î Àεµ".
431³â
¿¡Æä¼Ò½º °øÀÇȸ(Council of Ephesos): Å°¸±·Î½º(Kyrillos, 376~444.6.27)ÀÇ ¿¹¼ö ´Ü¼º¼³(Ó¤àõàã, Monophysitism) äÅÃ.
451³â
Ä®Äɵ· °øÀÇȸ(Council of Chalcedon): ¿¹¼ö ½ÅÀξ缺¼³(ãêìÑÕ×àõàã) äÅÃ.
476³â
¼­·Î¸¶Á¦±¹(Western Roman Empire) ¸ê¸Á: ¼­±¸ Áß¼¼ ½ÃÀÛ.

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500³â
À§-µð¿À´Ï½Ã¿ì½º(pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite) "õ»óÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶(The Celestial Hierarchy)", "±³È¸ÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶(The Eccliasstical Hierarchy)", "½ÅÀÇ ¸íĪµé(The Divine Names)", "½Åºñ½ÅÇÐ(The Mystical Theology)" Àú¼ú.
524³â
º¸ÀÌƼ¿ì½º (Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, 480~524) ÇöóÅæ, ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ ÀúÀÛÀ» ±×¸®½º¾î¿¡¼­ ¶óƾ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ª.
527³â
½Å¶ó ¹ýÈï¿Õ 14³â: ÀÌÂ÷µ·(ì¶ó­ÔË)ÀÇ ¼ø±³. ºÒ±³ °øÀÎ.
529³â
À¯½ºÆ¼´Ï¾Æ´©½º 1¼¼ (Justinianus I, 483~565.11.14) ÇöóÅæ ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì Æó¼â.
570³â
ÇÊ·ÎÆ÷´©½º(John Philoponus, 490~570) ÀÓÆäÅõ½º ÀÌ·Ð(Impetus theory) °í¾È. Áú·®ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ µÎ ¹°Ã¼ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ³«ÇϽÇÇè. ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¹Ú.
ÇÊ·ÎÆ÷´©½º(John Philoponus, 490~570) »ï½Å·Ð(Tritheism) ÁÖÀå.

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622³â
9¿ù: ¸¶È£¸ÞÆ® (Mahomet, 570?~632.6.8) º»°ÅÁö¸¦ ¸ÞÄ«(Mecca)¿¡¼­ ¸Þµð³ª(Medina)·Î º»°ÅÁö ¿Å±è (ÇìÁö¶ó, Hegira). À̽½¶÷·ÂÀÇ ±â¿ø.

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751³â
½Å¶ó: ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ¸ñÆÇ Àμ⹰ "¹«±¸Á¤±¤´ë´Ù¶ó´Ï°æ(ÙíϧïäÎÃÓÞöíÔþÒùÌè)" °£Çà.
756³â
ÇÇÇÉ(Pippin der Jungere, 714~768) ÁߺΠÀÌŸ®¸¦ ±³È² ½ºÅ×Æijë 2¼¼(Stefano II)¿¡°Ô ±âÁõ. ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±³È²·É.

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800³â
»þ¸¦¸¶´º(Charlemagne, 742.4.2~814.1.28) ·Î¸¶±³È² ·¹¿À3¼¼(Leo III, 750~816.6.12)¿¡°Ô¼­ ¼­·Î¸¶È²Á¦·Î ´ë°ü.

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962³â
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1054³â
7¿ù20ÀÏ: ÄܽºÅºÆ¼³ëÇÃÀÇ ÃÑ´ëÁÖ±³ ÄÉ·ê¶ó¸®¿ì½º(Michael Cerularius, 1000~1059.1.21) ·Î¸¶±³È²À» ÀÌ´ÜÀ¸·Î ÆĹ®: °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ µ¿¼­·Î ºÐ¿­(~1439).
1070³â
ÁÖµ·ÀÌ(ñ²ÔÄÖú, 1017~1073) "űصµ¼³(÷¼Ð¿Óñá­)" Ãâ°£. ¼º¸®ÇÐ(àõ×âùÊ) â½Ã.
1077³â
¾È¼¿¹«½º (Anselmus, 1033~1109) "¸ð³ë·Î±â¿ò(Monologium)"¿¡¼­ ½Å Á¸Àç Áõ¸í ½Ãµµ.
Ä«³ë»çÀÇ ±¼¿å(Humiliation at Canossa): ÇÏÀθ®È÷ 4¼¼(Heinrich IV, 1050.11.11~1106.8.7, ´ç½Ã27¼¼)°¡ ±×·¹°í¸®¿ì½º 7¼¼(Gregorius VII, 1020~1085.5.25)¿¡°Ô ±¼¿åÀûÀ¸·Î ÆĸéÀ» »ç¸é ¹ÞÀ½.
1085³â
¾ËÆþ¼Ò 6¼¼(Alfonso VI, 1040¡­1109.7.1) ½ºÆäÀÎ Åç·¹µµ(Toledo) ¼öº¹.
1096³â
½ÊÀÚ±º ÀüÀï ½ÃÀÛµÊ(1096~1270, 174³â¿¡ °Éħ).

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1117³â
¾Æº§¶ó¸£(Peter Abelard, 1079~1142.4.21) "±àÁ¤°ú ºÎÁ¤(Sic et Non)" ¿Ï¼º. 158°³ ¸íÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Âù¼º°ú ¹Ý´ë °ßÇظ¦ ¸ð¾Æ ³õÀ½.
1158³â
º¼·Î³Ä ´ëÇб³(University of Bologna) ¼³¸³ (¹ýÇÐÀü¹®).
1167³â
¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇб³(University of Oxford) ¼³¸³.
1175³â
Å©·¹¸ð³ªÀÇ Á¦¶óµå(Gherard of Cremona, 1114~1187): Åç·¹¹ÌÀÇ Ãµ¹®ÇÐÃ¥(Almagest) , À¯Å¬¸®µåÀÇ Ã¥(Elements)À» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¾Æ¶ø¾î Ã¥À» ¶óƾ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ª.
1198³â
ÀÌºì ·ç½¬µå(Ibn Rushd ¶Ç´Â Averroes von Cordoba, 1126~1198) ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º öÇÐ ¿¬±¸. ÀÌÁß Áø¸®¼³(Á¾±³¿Í öÇÐÀº ´Ù¸¥ Áø¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù) Á¦Ã¢. Áß·ÂÀº ÈûÀÌ ÀüÆĵǴµ¥ ¹°¸®Àû Á¢ÃËÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀå. ¿µÈ¥ ºÒ¸ê¼³ ºÎÁ¤.

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1204³â
¸¶À̸ð´Ïµ¥½º (Moses Maimonides, 1135.3.30~1204.12.13) "¹æȲÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼­(The Guide of the Perplexed)" Ãâ°£. À¯½Å·ÐÀû ºÒ°¡Áö·Ð ÁÖÀå. "½ÅÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ¹ÏÀ¸³ª ½ÅÀÇ º»¼ºÀº ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù".
1209³â
ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö ´ëÇб³ (University of Cambridge) ¼³¸³.
ÇÁ¶õü½ºÄÚ (Francesco d'Assisi, 1182~1226.10.3) ÇÁ¶õü½ºÄÚ ¼öµµÈ¸(Franciscan Order) ⸳.
1215³â
Æĸ® ´ëÇб³(University of Paris) ¼³¸³ (½ÅÇÐÀü¹®).
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1216³â
µµ¹Ì´ÏÄí½º (Dominicus, 1170~1221.8.6): µµ¹Ì´ÏÅ© ¼öµµÈ¸(Dominican Order) ⸳.
1222³â
Æĵµ¹Ù ´ëÇб³(University of Padua) ¼³¸³. º¼·Î³Ä ´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼ö¿Í ÇлýµéÀÌ ºÐ¸®,µ¶¸³ÇÏ¿© ¼³¸³.
1224³â
ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ 2¼¼(Friedrich II, 1194.12.26~1250.12.13) ³ªÆú¸® ´ëÇб³(University of Napoli) ¼³¸³.
1229³â
±×·¹°í¸®¿ì½º 9¼¼(Gregorius IX, 1165~1241.8.22): Åø·çÁî´ëÇб³(University of Toulouse) ¼³¸³.
1231³â
»ì·¹¸£³ë ´ëÇб³(University of Salerno) ¼³¸³ (ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®).
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1Â÷ ¸ù°í ħÀÔ.
1234³â
°í·Á(°íÁ¾ 21³â) ¼¼°è ÃÖÃÊ ±Ý¼Ó(±¸¸®)È°ÀÚ ¹ß¸í. "°í¹®»óÁ¤¿¹¹®(ͯÐÑßÙïÒçßÙþ)" Àμâ.
1236³â
"ÀçÁ¶´ëÀå°æ" (¼ÓĪ Æȸ¸´ëÀå°æ) ½ÃÀÛ.
1242³â
º£ÀÌÄÁ (Roger Bacon, 1214~1294.6.11) ¼­¾ç ÃÖÃÊ·Î Á¤È®ÇÑ È­¾àÁ¦Á¶¹æ¹ý °í¾È(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
1253³â
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1267³â
º£ÀÌÄÁ (Roger Bacon, 1214~1294.6.11) "´ëÀú(Major Work, Opus Maius)" Ãâ°£. µ¸º¸±â ¿ø¸® Çؼ³.
1268³â
º£ÀÌÄÁ (Roger Bacon, 1214~1294.6.11) "ÀÚ¿¬Ã¶ÇÐÀÇ ÀϹݿø¸®(Communia naturalium)", "¼öÇÐÀÇ ÀϹݿø¸®(Communia mathematica)" Ãâ°£. "¸ðµç öÇÐÀÇ ²ÉÀº ±¤ÇÐ".
1271³â
Äíºô¶óÀÌ(á¦ðÓ, 1215~1294): ¿ø(êª) °³±¹(~1368).
1272³â
º£ÀÌÄÁ (Roger Bacon, 1214~1294.6.11) "öÇÐ °³·Ð(Compendium philosophiae)" Ãâ°£.
1273³â
¾ÆÄû³ª½º(Thomas Aquinas, 1225~1274.3.7) "½ÅÇдëÀü(ãêùÊÓÞîï, Summa Theologiae)" ¿Ï¼º.
1277³â
3¿ù 7ÀÏ: ÅÁÇÇ¿¡¸£ (Stephen Tempier, ~) 219°³ÀÇ À߸øµÈ ¸íÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æĸ®´ëÇб³¿¡¼­ ±³À° ±ÝÁö.
1299³â
¸¶¸£ÄÚÆú·Î(Marco Polo, 1254~1324.1.8) "µ¿¹æ°ß¹®·Ï(ÔÔ۰̸ڤÖâ)"

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1309³â
·Î¸¶ ±³È¸: ¾Æºñ´¨ À¯¼ö(êëáö, Avignonese Captivity) ½ÃÀÛµÊ(~1377).
1321³â
´ÜÅ×(Alighieri Dante, 1265~1321.9.14) "½Å°î(ãêÍØ, Divina Commedia)" ¿Ï¼º.
1323³â
·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯: ¾ÆÄû³ª½º(Thomas Aquinas, 1225~1274.3.7)¿¡°Ô ½Ã¼º(ãÍá¡).
1327³â
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1328³â
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1337³â
¿µ±¹°ú ÇÁ¶û½º°£¿¡ ¹é³âÀüÀï(Hundred Years' War) ¹ß¹ß(~1453).
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1348³â
ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡ Èæ»çº´(ýÙÞÝÜ», Black Death, pest) À¯Çà.
1353³â
º¸Ä«Ä¡¿À (Giovanni Boccaccio, 1313~1375.12.21) "µ¥Ä«¸Þ·Ð(Decameron)" ¿Ï¼º.
1377³â
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1378³â
°¡Å縯 ±³È¸ ºÐ¿­(~1417): µÎ ¸íÀÇ ±³È² Á¸Àç.
1392³â
Á¶¼± °Ç±¹.
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1398³â
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1403³â
ÅÂÁ¾ 3³â ÁÖÀÚ¼Ò(ñÑí®á¶) ¼³¸³.
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1410³â
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1420³â
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1442³â
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1453³â
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1488³â
µð¾Æ½º (Bartolomeu Diaz, 1450~1500.5.29) Èñ¸ÁºÀ(Cape of Good Hope) ¹ß°ß.
1492³â
8¿ù 3ÀÏ ÄÝ·³¹ö½º (Christopher Columbus, 1451.8.26~1506.5.21) Á¦1ȸ ¼­Àεµ Ç×ÇØ Ãâ¹ß.
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1497³â
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1666³â
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12¿ù 22ÀÏ: ÇÁ¶û½º °úÇоÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì(The French Academy of Sciences) ⸳. Äݺ£¸£(Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1619.8.29~1683.9.6)°¡ ÁÖµµ.
1667³â
¹ÐÅÏ(John Milton, 1608.12.9~1674.11.8) "½Ç¶ô¿ø(Paradise Lost)" Ãâ°£.
1668³â
±è¸¸Áß (ÑÑØ¿ñì, 1637.2.10¡­1692.4.30) "Áö±¸°íÁõ(ò¢Ï¹ÍÅñû)" ÁöÀ½(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).

´ºÅÏ (Isaac Newton, 1642.12.25~1727.3.20): ·»ÁîÀÇ »ö¼öÂ÷¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇØ ´ºÅÏ½Ä ¹Ý»ç¸Á¿ø°æ Á¦ÀÛ(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
·¹µð (Francesco Redi, 1626.2.19~1697.3.1) "°ïÃæ¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÇÇè" Ãâ°£. Ãʺ¸Àû »ý¹°¼Ó»ý¼³(ßæÚªáÙßæàã, biogenesis) ÁÖÀå.
1669³â
¹Ù¸£Å縰 (Erasmus Bartholin, 1625.8.13~1698.11.4) ¹æÇؼ®(CaCO3, Calcite)¿¡¼­ º¹±¼Àý(double refraction) ¹ß°ß.
ºê¶õÆ® (Hennig Brand, 1630-1710) ÀÎ(Phosphorous)¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). Phosphorous=Phos(ºû)+Phorous(°¡Áö´Â)
½ºÅ׳ë (Nicolaus Steno, 1638.1.10~1687.11.26, ¿ø¸í Niels Steensen) ÁöÃþ ´©Áß(׫ñì)ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ (Law of Superposition) Á¦¾È (´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
ÇöÁ¾10³â: ¼ÛÀÌ¿µ(áäì¤çÄ): ÀÚ¸íÁ¾ ½Ã°è Á¦ÀÛ.
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ÆĽºÄ® (Blaise Pascal, 1623.6.19~1662.8.19) »çÈÄ¿¡ "Æμ¼(Pensees, Thoughts on Religion and on Other Subjects Á¾±³ ¹× ±âŸ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç»ó)" °£Çà.
1671³â
´ºÅÏ (Isaac Newton, 1642.12.25~1727.3.20) ³í¹® "±Þ¼ö¿Í À¯À²ÀÇ ¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©(De methodis Serierum et Fluxionum)" Àú¼ú. ´ºÅæ »çÈÄ 1736³â¿¡ John ColsonÀÌ ¿µ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿© ÃâÆÇ. ¹ÌÀûºÐÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ë.
1673³â
2¿ù 10ÀÏ: ¸ô¸®¿¡¸£(Moliere, º»¸íJean Baptiste Poquelin, 1622.1.15~1673.2.17) "»ó»óº´ ȯÀÚ(The Imaginary Invalid)" ÃÊ¿¬. "¾ÆÆíÀÌ Á¹¸° ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÃÖ¸é ¼ººÐ(dormative virtue)¶§¹®".
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ÈÅ( Robert Hooke, 1635.7.18~1703.3.3) Áß·ÂÀÇ ¿ªÁ¦°ö ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥.
1675³â
¿µ±¹ ±×¸®´ÏÄ¡ õ¹®´ë(Greenwich observatory) °Ç¼³.
·¹º¥ÈÄÅ©(Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1632.10.24~1723.8.26) ½º½º·Î Á¦ÀÛÇÑ Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¹ß°ß.
Ä«½Ã´Ï(Jean Dominique Cassini, 1625.6.8~1712.9.14) Å伺 °í¸®¿¡¼­ Ä«½Ã´Ï °£±Ø ¹ß°ß.
1676³â

·Ú¸Ó (Ole Christensen Roemer, 1644.9.25~1710.9.23) ¸ñ¼ºÀÇ ¿ù½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºû¼Óµµ ÃøÁ¤(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). ºû¼Óµµ°¡ À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ß.
1677³â
·¹º¥ÈÄÅ©(Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1632.10.24~1723.8.26) Á¤ÀÚ ¹ß°ß. Àü¼º¼³(Preformation theory) ÁÖÀå.
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È£ÀÌ°Õ½º (Christiaan Huygens, 1629.4.14~1695.7.8) È£ÀÌ°Õ½ºÀÇ ¿ø¸® ¹ßÇ¥. ºûÀÇ Æĵ¿¼³.
ÈÅ (Robert Hooke, 1635.7.18~1703.3.3) ź¼º·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ ÈÅÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ F=-kx ¹ßÇ¥.
È«¸¸Á¾ (1643~1725) ¼ø¿ÀÁö ÁöÀ½(¼÷Á¾4³â, ´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
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½´Å» (Georg Ernst Stahl, 1660.10.21~1734.5.14) ¿¬¼Ò¿¡ °üÇÑ Ç÷ÎÁö½ºÅæ ÀÌ·Ð( Phlogiston theory) ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 19¼¼).
1681³â
¹ö´Ö(Thomas Burnet, 1635~1715) "Áö±¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼º½º·¯¿î ÀÌ·Ð(The Sacred Theory of the Earth)" Ãâ°£.
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ÇÛ¸® (Edmund Halley, 1656.11.8~1742.1.14) ÇÛ¸® Çý¼º °üÃø (´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
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¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷ (Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, 1646.7.1~1716.11.14) ³í¹® "±Ø´ë¿Í ±Ø¼Ò ¹× Á¢¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ý, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» À§ÇÑ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ °è»ê¹ý" ¹ßÇ¥. ¹ÌºÐ¹ý â½Ã(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
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¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÃ÷ (Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, 1646.7.1~1716.11.14) ÀûºÐ ±âÈ£ ¹ß¸í.
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´ºÅÏ (Isaac Newton, 1642.12.25~1727.3.20): "ÀÚ¿¬Ã¶ÇÐÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ¿ø¸®"(ÇÁ¸°Å°ÇǾÆ, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica) ÃâÆÇ
1688³â
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12¿ù 16ÀÏ: ¿µ±¹ ±Ç¸®ÀåÀü(Bill of Rights) ¹ÝÆ÷.
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·ÎÅ©(John Locke, 1632.8.29~1704.10.28) "Àΰ£ ¿À¼º·Ð(ìÑÊà çöàõÖå, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding)" Ãâ°£.
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·ÎÇÇÅ» (Guillaume François Antoine de L'Hospital, 1661~1704.2.2) ·ÎÇÇÅ» Á¤¸® ÃâÆÇ(´ç½Ã 30¼¼) [¿äÇÑ º£¸£´©ÀÌ(Johann Bernoulli, 1667.8.6~1748.1.1)°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿© °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÜ].
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±è¼®¹® (ÑÑà¸Ùþ, 1658~1735) "¿ªÇÐÀ̽ʻ絵ÇØ(æ¶ùÊì£ä¨ÞÌÓñú°)" Àú¼ú(´ç½Ã39¼¼). Áö±¸ÀÚÀü¼³. »ï´ëȯ(žç,Áö±¸, ´Þ)°øºÎ¼³ (ß²ÓÞü¯ÍöÝ©àã)
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¾Æ¸ùÅë (Guillaume Amontons, 1663.8.31~1705.10.11) ¸¶ÂûÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ f= mu N ¹ß°ß (´ç½Ã 36¼¼) --> ¾Æ¸ùÅë-Äð·Õ ¹ýÄ¢.
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µðÆ÷(Daniel Defoe, 1660~1731.4.24) "·Îºó½¼ Å©·ç¼Ò(Robinson Crusoe)" Ãâ°£.
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±×·¹ÀÌ (Stephen Gray, 1666.12~1736.2.7) Á¦1ȸ Copley ¸Þ´Þ ¼ö»ó (µµÃ¼¿Í ºÎµµÃ¼ ¿¬±¸ °ø·Î).
1733³â
µÚÆä (Charles Francois de Cisternay DuFay, 1698.9.14~1739) Àü±âÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯Ã¼¼³(Two fluid theory, ¾ç¼º(À¯¸®Àü±â Vitreous) ¿Í À½¼º(¼öÁöÀü±â resinous), ´ç½Ã 35¼¼). "°°Àº Àü±â´Â ¹ÐÄ¡°í, ´Ù¸¥ Àü±â´Â ²ø¾î´ç±ä´Ù."
Ȧ(Chester Moor Hall, 1703.12.9~1771.3.17) »öÁö¿ò ·»Áî(achromatic lens)¸¦ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
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¹öƲ·¯ (Joseph Butler, 1692.5.18~1752.6.16) "ÀÚ¿¬Á¾±³¿Í °è½ÃÁ¾±³ÀÇ ºñ±³(Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Nature)" Ãâ°£. "È®·üÀº ÀλýÀÇ Áöħ(Probability is the very guide of life)".
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º£¸£´©ÀÌ (Daniel Bernoulli, 1700.1.29~1782.3.17) "À¯Ã¼¿ªÇÐ(Hydrodynamica)" ÃâÆÇ(´ç½Ã 38¼¼). ¿ªÇÐÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ --> ¾Ð·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ º£¸£´©ÀÌ Á¤¸®. ±âü ¿îµ¿·Ð(Kinetic theory of Gases).
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¼¿½Ã¿ì½º (Anders Celsius, 1701.11.27~1744.4.25) ¼·¾¾(àîä«) ¿Âµµ ü°è â½Ã.
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´Þ¶ûº£¸£ (Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, 1717.11.16~1783.10.29) ´Þ¶ûº£¸£ÀÇ ¿ø¸®(d'Alembert's principle)¹ßÇ¥ (°ü¼º·Â(αàõÕô)À» µµÀÔÇϸé, µ¿¿ªÇÐ(ÔÑÕôùÊ)À» Á¤¿ªÇÐ(ð¡ÕôùÊ)°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÈûÀÇ ÆòÇüÀ̶ó´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿ø¸®)(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
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ÇÒ·¯(Albrecht von Haller, 1708.10.16~1777.12.12) Àü¼º¼³(preformation theory) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã36¼¼).
Äê±Û·¯(Ignatius Koegler, ´ëÁøÇö, Óãòäúç, 1680~1746)"ÀÇ»ó°í¼º(ëðßÚÍÅà÷)" Ãâ°£. Ç༺¿¡ °üÇÑ ÄÉÇ÷¯ ¹ýÄ¢ ¼Ò°³.
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¹¿¼Ïºê¸£Å© (Pieter van Musschenbroek, 1692.3.14~1761.9.19) ÃàÀü±â(capacitor) ¶óÀ̵§ º´ ¹ß¸í (Leyden jar, Nollet°¡ ¶óÀ̵§ º´À̶ó°í ¸í¸í).
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¿Ó½¼ (William Watson, 1715~1787) µµ¼±¿¡¼­ Àü±âÀÇ ÀüÆļӵµ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ·Á°í ½Ãµµ (´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
³î·¹ (Jean Antoine Nollet, 1700.11.19~1770.4.12) ÃÖÃÊ·Î »ïÅõ¾Ð(osmotic pressur) ¹ß°ß.
¶ó¸ÞÆ®¸®(Julien Offroy de La Mettrie, 1709.12.25~1751.11.11) "Àΰ£±â°è·Ð" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
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¿ÀÀÏ·¯ (Leonhard Euler, 1707.4.15~1783.9.18) e^ix=cos x+i sin x ¹ß°ß.
³î·¹ (Jean Antoine Nollet, 1700.11.19~1770.4.12) Àü±â °ËÀü±â(electroscope) ¹ß¸í.
¸ùÅ×½ºÅ°¿Ü(Charles de secondat Montesquieu, 1689.1.18~1755.2.10) "¹ýÀÇ Á¤½Å"¿¡¼­ ±¹°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀÇ »ï±Ç(ÀÔ¹ý, ÇàÁ¤, »ç¹ý) ºÐ¸³ Á¦¾È.
Èâ (David Hume, 1711.4.26~1776.8.25) "Àΰ£ ¿À¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐ ³íÁý(An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã37¼¼). ±Í³³ÀÇ ¹®Á¦ Á¦±â.
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ºßÆþ (Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon, 1707.9.7~1788.4.16) "¹Ú¹°Áö" Ãâ°£.
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¸áºô(Thomas Melvill, 1726~1753) ±âüÀÇ ¹æÃâ ¼± ½ºÆåÆ®·³(emission line spectrum) °üÃø(´ç½Ã26¼¼).
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µ¹·£µå (John Dolland, 1706.6.10~1761) Å©¶ó¿î À¯¸®(crown glass,º¼·Ï)¿Í ³³À¯¸®(flint glass, ¿À¸ñ)·Î »öÁö¿ò ·»Áî(achromatic lens) °³¹ß.
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Ä­Æ® (Immanuel Kant, 1724.4.22~1804.2.12) "ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿Í õüÀÌ·Ð(Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels)"¿¡¼­ žç°èÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼º¿î¼³(Nebular hypothesis) Á¦Ã¢(´ç½Ã 31¼¼). ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ¿µ¿øºÒº¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ½Ã°£ ÀÇÁ¸Àû.
ºí·¢ (Joseph Black, 1728.4.16~1799.12.6) ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ±âü ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
1756³â
·Î¸ð³ë¼ÒÇÁ(Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, 1711.11.19~1765.4.15) È­ÇйÝÀÀ¿¡¼­ Áú·®º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ È®¸³.
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»çÄɸ®(Girolamo Saccheri, 1667.9.5~1733.10.25) "¸ðµç °áÁ¡ÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ À¯Å¬¸®µå(Euclides ab Omni Naevo Vindicatus)" Ãâ°£. À¯Å¬¸®µåÀÇ 5¹ø° °ø¸® "ÆòÇ༱ °ø¸®(Parallel Axiom)"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áõ¸í ½ÇÆÐ. ºñÀ¯Å¬¸®µå ±âÇÏÇÐÀÇ ±â¿ø.
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ÇÁ¸®½ºÆ²¸® (Joseph Priestley, 1733.3.13~1804.2.6) »ê¼Ò¹ß°ß.

¶óºÎ¾ÆÁö¿¡ (Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 1743.8.26~1794.5.8) Áú·®º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã31¼¼).
µ¥¸¶·¹ (Nicolas Desmarest, 1725.9.16~1815.9.20) Çö¹«¾ÏÀÇ È­»ê ±â¿ø¼³ ÁÖÀå(È­¼º·Ð, ûýà÷Öå, Plutonist).
1775³â


º¼Å¸ (Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, 1745.2.18~1827.3.5) Àü±âÀï¹Ý(electrophorous) ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
1776³â
7¿ù 4ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹µ¶¸³.
½º¹Ì½º (Adam Smith, 1723.6.5~1790.7.17) "±¹ºÎ·Ð (An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)" Ãâ°£.
1778³â
ºßÆþ (Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon, 1707.9.7~1788.4.16) "ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ½Ã´ë" Ãâ°£. Áö±¸ÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡ °üÇØ ¼³¸í. Áö±¸ÀÇ ³ªÀ̸¦ ¾à 8¸¸³âÀ¸·Î º½.
1779³â
°ÔŸƮ (Jean Etienne Guettard, 1715.9.22~1786.1.7) ÇÁ¶û½º ¿Àº£¸£´º(Auvergnue)ÀÇ Çö¹«ÇÔ °üÂû ÈÄ "È­¼º·Ð" ÁÖÀå (óÀ½¿¡´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¼ö¼º·Ð ÁÖÀå).
Èâ (David Hume, 1711.4.26~1776.8.25) "ÀÚ¿¬ Á¾±³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÈ­(Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion)" Ãâ°£.
À×°ÕÇÏ¿ìÁî(Jan Ingenhousz, 1730.12.8~1799.9.7) ³í¹® "½Ä¹°¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÇÇè"¿¡¼­ ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ³·¿¡´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Èí¼öÇÏ°í ¹ã¿¡´Â ¹èÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °üÂû. ºûÀÇ Á߿伺 ÀνÄ.
1781³â

 
3¿ù 13ÀÏ: Çã¼È (Friedrich William Herschel, 1738.11.5~1822.8.25) õ¿Õ¼º(Uranus) ¹ß°ß.
Ä­Æ® (Immanuel Kant, 1724.4.22~1804.2.12) "¼ø¼öÀ̼ººñÆÇ" ¹ßÇ¥.

Äð·Õ (Charles Augustin de Coulomb, 1736.6.14~1806.8.23) ¸¶ÂûÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ f= mu N È®ÀÎ --> ¾Æ¸ùÅë-Äð·Õ ¹ýÄ¢.
ÇÁ¸®½ºÆ²¸® (Joseph Priestley, 1733.3.13~1804.2.6) »ê¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ÝÀÀ½ÃÄÑ ¹° ÇÕ¼º. ¹°ÀÌ ¿ø¼Ò°¡ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» º¸ÀÓ.
1783³â
¸ù°ñÇÇ¿¡ (Joseph Michel Montgolfier, 1740.8.26~1810.6.26) ¿­±â±¸(æðѨϹ ¶Ç´Â ¿­±âdz¼± hot-air balloon) ¹ß¸í.
¹Ìÿ (John Michell, 1724~1793.4.29) Á߷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Å»Ãâ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿© ºí·¢È¦(Balck hole)ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¿¹¾ð.
1784³â
Ä­Æ® (Immanuel Kant, 1724.4.22~1804.2.12) "°è¸ùÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?" ¹ßÇ¥. °è¸ùÁÖÀÇÀÇ À¯·¡.
1785³â
Äð·Õ (Charles Augustin de Coulomb, 1736.6.14~1806.8.23) Äð·ÕÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß.
1786³â
¸ðÂ¥¸£Æ® (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756.1.27~1791.12.5) ¿ÀÆä¶ó 'ÇÇ°¡·ÎÀÇ °áÈ¥' ÀÛ°î(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
1787³â


»þ¸¦ ( Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, 1746.11.12~1823.4.7) »þ¸¦ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥.
1788³â
¶ó±×¶ûÁÖ (Joseph Louis Lagrange, 1736.1.25~1813.4.10) "Çؼ®¿ªÇÐ" ÃâÆÇ.
1789³â
7¿ù14ÀÏ-7¿ù28ÀÏ: ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸í
¶óºÎ¾ÆÁö¿¡ (Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 1743.8.26~1794.5.8) "È­Çб³°ú¼­" ¹ßÇ¥. È­ÇÐÇõ¸í. ¿­¼Ò¼³(æðáÈàã, Caloric theory).
º¥´ã(Jeremy Bentham, 1748.2.15~1832.6.6) "µµ´ö ¹× ÀÔ¹ýÀÇ Á¦¿ø¸® ¼­¼³(Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation)" Ãâ°£. "ÃÖ´ë ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÃÖ´ë Çູ"(¾çÀû °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ).
1790³â
ÇãÅÏ (James Hutton, 1726.6.3~1797.3.26)°ú Ȧ(James Hall, 1761.1.17~1832.6.23, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼): "granite(È­°­¾Ï)"À̶ó°í ¸í¸í. ÇÑÀÚ ü£Ë«(È­°­)Àº È­°­¾Ï(ü£Ë«äÛ)ÀÌ ³ª´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ Áö¸í.
1791³â
°¥¹Ù´Ï (Luigi Galvani, 1737.9.9~1798.12.4) "±ÙÀ° ¿îµ¿¿¡ À־ Àü±â·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ °íÂû"¿¡¼­ °³±¸¸® ´Ù¸®ÀÇ µ¿¹°Àü±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ßÇ¥.
º¼Å¸ (Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, 1745.2.18~1827.3.5) ±âüÀÇ ¿ÂµµÆØâÀ² 1/273 ¹ß°ß.
¾ÈÁ¤º¹(äÌð£ÜØ, 1712~1791) "À⵿»êÀÌ(íÚÔÒߤì¶)" Àú¼ú.
1794³â
ÇÁ¶û½º ¿¡ÄÝ Æú¸®Å×Å©´ÏÅ©(Ecole Polytechnique) ¼³¸³.
´ÙÀ© (Erasmus Darwin, 1731.12.12~1802.4.18, C. DarwinÀÇ ÇҾƹöÁö) "µ¿¹°»ýÅÂÇÐ(Zoonomia)" Ãâ°£.
1795³â
ÇãÅÏ (James Hutton, 1726.6.3~1797.3.26) "Áö±¸·Ð(Theory of the Earth)" ¹ßÇ¥. µ¿ÀÏ°úÁ¤¼³(Uniformitarianism) Á¦¾È. °Ýº¯¼³(Catastrophism) ºÎÁ¤.
1796³â


¶óÇÃ¶ó½º (Pierre Simon de Laplace, 1749.3.23~1827.3.5) Àú¼­ "¼¼°è°è Çؼ³(á¦Í£ ͧ ú°àã, Exposition of the System of the World, Exposition du Systeme du Monde)"ÀÇ 1ÆÇ°ú 2ÆÇ¿¡¼­ ºí·¢È¦(Balck hole)ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¿¹¾ð. ¼º¿î¼³(Nebular hypothesis) ÁÖÀå.
1797³â
ij¹øµð½Ã (Henry Cavendish, 1731.10.10~1810.2.24) ºñƲ¸² Àú¿ïÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸¸À¯Àη»ó¼ö G ÃøÁ¤.

µ¥À̺ñ (Humphry Davy, 1778.12.17~1829.5.29, 41¼¼¿¡ ¿äÀý) ³í¹® "¿­, ºû, ºûÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼Ò°í" ¿¡¼­ ¿­ÀÇ ¹°Áú¼³(Caloric theory) ºÎÁ¤(´ç½Ã19¼¼). ¾óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¶Âû ½ÇÇè.
1798³â
·³ÆÛµå (Benjamin Thompson Rumford, 1753.3.26~1814.8.21) ´ëÆ÷½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ¿­¼Ò¼³(æðáÈàã, Caloric theory) ºÎÁ¤. ³í¹® "¸¶Âû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿­ ¹ß»ýÀÇ Å½±¸ (an Inquiry Concerning the Source of Heat which is Excited by Friction)" ¹ßÇ¥.
¸È¼­½º (Thomas Robert Malthus, 1766.2.14~1834.12.23) "Àα¸·Ð" ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). "»ýÁ¸°æÀï(Struggle for existence)" ÁÖÀå.
1799³â

ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ® (Joseph Louis Proust, 1754.9.26~1826.7.5) ź»ê±¸¸®(CuCO3)¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤¼ººÐºñÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(law of definite proportions) ¹ß°ß.
½º¹Ì½º (William Smith, 1769.3.23~1839.8.28) ÁöÃþ°ú È­¼® À϶÷Ç¥ ÀÛ¼º (´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
Èɺ¼Æ® (Alexander von Humboldt, 1769.9.14~1859.5.6) ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ŽÇè ½ÃÀÛ(1799~1804). ÀÚ¿¬Áö¸®ÇРâ½Ã.

°¡¿ì½º (Karl Friedrich Gauss, 1777.4.30~1855.2.23) ÇÐÀ§³í¹®¿¡¼­ ´ë¼öÇÐÀÇ ±âº»Á¤¸® Áõ¸í(´ç½Ã22¼¼).
º£¼¿ (Casper Wessel, 1745.6.8~1818.3.25) ³í¹® "¹æÇâÀÇ Çؼ®Àû Ç¥Çö¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©(On the analytic representation of direction)"¿¡¼­ ¹æÇâ°ú Å©±â¸¦ °¡Áø Vector °³³ä µµÀÔ.
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1800³â
º¼Å¸ (Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, 1745.2.18~1827.3.5) ¾Æ¿¬°ú ±¸¸®¸¦ ½á¼­ º¼Å¸ÀüÁö ¹ß¸í.
´ÏÄݽ¼ (William Nicholson, 1753~1815.5.21) º¼Å¸ÀüÁö·Î ¹° Àü±âºÐÇØ(electrolysis)ÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò ¹ß»ý.
Çã¼È (Friedrich William Herschel, 1738.11.5~1822.8.25) Àû¿Ü¼± ¹ß°ß.
·³ÆÛµå (Benjamin Thompson Rumford, 1753.3.26~1814.8.21) ¿Õ¸³ ¿¬±¸¼Ò(the Royal Institution of Great Britain) ¼³¸³.
1801³â

¿µ (Thomas Young, 1773.6.13~1829.5.10) ÀÌÁß½½¸´ ½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
¸®ÅÍ (Johann Wilhelm Ritter, 1776.12.16~1810.1.23) Àڿܼ± ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 25¼¼).
1802³â
µ¥À̺ñ (Humphry Davy, 1778.12.17~1829.5.29, 41¼¼¿¡ ¿äÀý) Àü±âÈ­ÇÐ(Electrochemistry) ½ÃÀÛ(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).

µ¹ÅÏ (John Dalton, 1766.9.6~1844.7.27) ¹è¼öºñ·Ê¹ýÄ¢(law of multiple proportions) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
°ÔÀÌ·ò»è (Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 1778.12.6~1850.5.9) ¸ðµç ±âüÀÇ ¿ÂµµÆØâÀ²Àº 1/273 ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).
Æ®·¹ºñ¶ó´©½º (Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, 1776.2.4~1837.2.16) Àú¼­ "Biologie oder Philosophie der Lebenden Natur"¿¡¼­ ¿ë¾î "»ý¹°ÇÐ Biologie" ÃÖÃÊ·Î »ç¿ë.
¶ó¸¶¸£Å© (Jean Baptiste Pierre Antonie de Monet Lamarck, 1744.8.1~1829.12.18) ¿ëºÒ¿ë¼³ (use and disuse theory) Á¦¾È. "»ý¹°ÇÐ(biology)"À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î ÃÖÃÊ»ç¿ë.
ÆäÀϸ®(William Paley, 1743.7~1805.5.25) "ÀÚ¿¬½ÅÇÐ(Natural Theology)" Ãâ°£. ½Ã°è ³íÁõ.
¿ï·¯½ºÅÏ ( William Hyde Wollaston, 1766.8.6~1828.12.22) ž罺ÆåÆ®·³ ¼ÓÀÇ ¾Ï¼±(dark line) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã36¼¼).
1803³â
¿ï·¯½ºÅÏ ( William Hyde Wollaston, 1766.8.6~1828.12.22) Pd ¿ø¼Ò ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
º£¸£¼¿¸®¿ì½º (Jons Jacob Berzelius, 1779.8.20~1848.8.7) ¼¼·ý(Ce) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).
1804³â
¿ï·¯½ºÅÏ ( William Hyde Wollaston, 1766.8.6~1828.12.22) ¿ø¼Ò ·Îµã(Rh) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
12¿ù: ³ªÆú·¹¿Ë(Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769.8.15~1821.5.5) ȲÁ¦ÁïÀ§(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
¼Ò½¬¸£(Nicolas Theodore de Saussure, 1767.10.14~1845.4.18) ³í¹® "½Ä¹°ÀÇ È­ÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸"¿¡¼­ ½Ä¹°ÀÇ Åº¼Ò¿øÀº °ø±â ÁßÀÇ ÀÌ»êȭź¼ÒÀ̸ç, ±¤ÇÕ¼º¿¡´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ºû, ±×¸®°í ¹°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀå(´ç½Ã37¼¼).
1806³â
¸£Àåµå¸£ (Adrien-Marie Legendre, 1752.9.18~1833.1.10) ÃÖ¼ÒÀڽ¹ý Á¦¾È.
¾Æ¸£°­ (Jean Robert Argand, 1768.7.18~1822.8.13) 2Â÷¿ø Æò¸é¿¡¼­ º¹¼Ò¼ö Ç¥½Ã¹ý Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
1807³â
µ¥À̺ñ (Humphry Davy, 1778.12.17~1829.5.29) Àü±âºÐÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ËÄ®¸® ±Ý¼Ó(Alkali metal) Na, K ¿ø¼Ò ºÐ¸®(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
¿µ (Thomas Young, 1773.6.13~1829.5.10) mv2À» "¿¡³ÊÁö"·Î µµÀÔ(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).

Ǫ¸®¿¡ (Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, 1768.3.21~1830.5.16) "¿­ÀÇ Çؼ®Àû ÀÌ·Ð(Theorie analytique de la chaleur)" ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 39¼¼).
°ÔÀÌ·ò»è (Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 1778.12.6~1850.5.9) ÀÚÀ¯ÆØâ(free expansion) ½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã29¼¼).
1808³â
µ¹ÅÏ (John Dalton, 1766.9.6~1844.7.27) "È­ÇРöÇÐÀÇ »õ ü°è(A New System of Chemical Philosophy)" ¹ßÇ¥. ¿øÀÚ·ÐÁÖÀå. ¿øÀÚ·® Ç¥ ÀÛ¼º.
°ÔÀÌ·ò»è (Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 1778.12.6~1850.5.9) ±âü¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥.
µ¥À̺ñ (Humphry Davy, 1778.12.17~1829.5.29) Àü±âºÐÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ËÄ®¸® Åä±Ý¼Ó(Alkaline earth metal) Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca ºÐ¸®(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
º£Å亥 (Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770.12.17~1827.3.26) Á¦5±³Çâ°î(¿î¸í) ÀÛ°î(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
¸»·ò½º (Etienne Louis Malus, 1775.7.23~1812.2.24) ¹Ý»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Æí±¤ ¹ß°ß (´ç½Ã 33¼¼).
1809³â
¶ó¸¶¸£Å© (Jean Baptiste Pierre Antonie de Monet Lamarck, 1744.8.1~1829.12.18) "µ¿¹°Ã¶ÇÐ"Ãâ°£.
º£¸¦¸° ´ëÇб³(University of Berlin) ¼³¸³. Èɺ¼Æ® (Alexander von Humboldt, 1769.9.14~1859.5.6) ÁÖÃà. ±Ù´ë ¿¬±¸Á߽ɴëÇÐÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ.
1810³â

±«Å× (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749.8.28~1832.3.22)) "»öä·Ð" ¹ßÇ¥.
1811³â

¾Æº¸°¡µå·Î (Amedeo Avogadro, 1776.6.9~1856.7.9) ¾Æº¸°¡µå·ÎÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(±âü°¡ µî¿Â, µî¾Ð, µîºÎÇÇÀÌ¸é °°Àº ºÐÀÚ¼ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ) ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 35¼¼). ºÐÀÚ °³³ä µµÀÔ.
Äí¸£Åõ¾Æ (Bernard Courtois, 1777.2.28~1838.9.27) ¿ä¿Àµå(I) ¹ß°ß.

ºê·ç½ºÅÍ (David Brewster, 1781.12.11~1868.2.10) Æí±¤¿¡ °üÇÑ ºê·ç½ºÅÍÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).

¾Æ¶ó°í (Dominique Francois Jean Arago, 1786.2.26~1853.10.2) ¼öÁ¤¿¡¼­ ±¤È¸Àü¼º(Optical rotatory power) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 25¼¼).
1812³â
¶óÇÃ¶ó½º (Pierre Simon de Laplace, 1749.3.23~1827.3.5) Àú¼­ "È®·ü ºÐ¼®·Ð(Theorie Analytique des Probabilites)" Ãâ°£.
1813³â


Ǫ¾Æ¼Û(Siméon Denis Poisson, 1781.6.21~1840.4.25) ÆÛÅټȿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Çª¾Æ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½Ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã32¼¼).
1814³â

ÇÁ¶ó¿îÈ£ÆÛ (Joseph von Fraunhofer, 1787.3.6~1826.6.7, 39¼¼ »ç¸Á) ž罺ÆåÆ®·³ ¼ÓÀÇ ¾Ï¼±(ÇÁ¶ó¿îÈ£ÆÛ ¼±)ÀÇ ÆÄÀå ÃøÁ¤(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
½ºÆ¼ºì½¼ (George Stephenson, 1781.6.9~1848.8.12) Áõ±â±â°üÂ÷ ¹ß¸í.
¶óÇÃ¶ó½º (Pierre Simon de Laplace, 1749.3.23~1827.3.5) "°³¿¬¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ½Ã·Ð(Essai philosophique sur les probabilite')" Ãâ°£. ¶óÇöó½ºÀÇ µµ±úºñ(Laplace's Demon)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±Þ.
1815³â

ÇÁ·¹³Ú (Augustin Jean Fresnel, 1788.5.10~1827.7.14, 39¼¼ »ç¸Á) ÀÌÁß½½¸´ ½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
1816³â
½ºÅиµ (Robert Stirling, 1790.10.25~1878.6.6) ¿Ü¿¬±â°üÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÎ Stirling ¿­±â°ü Á¦ÀÛ(µî¿ÂÆØâ->µîÀû³Ã°¢->µî¿Â¾ÐÃà->µîÀû°¡¿­, Carnot±â°ü°ú °°Àº È¿À²À» °¡Áü)(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î(Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788.2.22~1860.9.21) "½Ã°¢°ú »öä¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
Çì°Ö(Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1770.8.27~1831.11.14) "³í¸®ÇÐ" ¿Ï¼º.
1817³â
º£¸£¼¿¸®¿ì½º (Jons Jacob Berzelius, 1779.8.20~1848.8.7) ¼¿·¹´½(Se, ±×¸®½º¾î·Î ´Þ(moon)À» ¶æÇÏ´Â Selene¿¡¼­ À¯·¡) ¹ß°ß.
Äûºñ¿¡ (Georges Baron Cuvier, 1769.8.23~1832.5.13) "µ¿¹°°è" Ãâ°£. °Ýº¯¼³(theory of catastrophe) ÁÖÀå.
º£¸£³Ê (Abraham Gottlob Werner, 1750.9.25~1817.6.30) "´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾Ï¼®Àº ¹Ù´å¹°¼Ó¿¡ ħÀüÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù"°í ÁÖÀå. ¼ö¼º·Ð(â©à÷Öå, Neptunism).
1819³â
µÜ·Õ(Pierre Louis Dulong, 1785.2.12~1838.7.18, ´ç½Ã 34¼¼)°ú ÇÁƼ(Alexis Therese Petit, 1791.10.2~1820.6.21, ´ç½Ã 28¼¼, 29¼¼ ¿äÀý): °íüÀÇ ºñ¿­¿¡ °üÇÑ µÜ·Õ-ÇÁƼÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß.
¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î(Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788.2.22~1860.9.21) "ÀÇÁö¿Í Ç¥»óÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¼¼°è(The World as Will and Representation)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã31¼¼).
1820³â


7¿ù: ¿Ü¸£½ºÅ×µå (Hans Christian Oersted, 1777.8.14~1851.3.9) Àü·ùÀÇ ÀÚ±âÀÛ¿ë ¹ßÇ¥.

9¿ù: ¾ÓÆ丣 (Andre Marie Ampere, 1775.1.20~1836.6.10) µÎ µµ¼±»çÀÌÀÇ Àη ¹ß°ß.
ºñ¿À(Jean Baptist Biot, 1744.4.21~1862.2.3)¿Í »ç¹Ù¸£(Felix Savart, 1791.7.30~1841.3.16, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼): Àü·ùÀÇ ÀÚ±âÀÛ¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ºñ¿À-»ç¹Ù¸£ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥.
ÇÁ·¹³Ú (Augustin Jean Fresnel, 1788.5.10~1827.7.14, 39¼¼ »ç¸Á) "ºûÀº ȾÆÄ" (´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
¾Æ¶ó°í (Dominique Francois Jean Arago, 1786.2.26~1853.10.2) ÀüÀÚ¼® ¹ß¸í.
1821³â
 1856³â Å©¸®½º¸¶½º °­¿¬.

9¿ù: Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ (Michael Faraday, 1791.9.22~1867.8.25) Ãʺ¸ÀûÀÎ Àü±â¸ðÅÍ ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).

Á¦º¤ (Thomas Johann Seebeck, 1770.4.9~1831.12.10) Cu¿Í Bi(¶Ç´Â Sb) ¿­Àü½Ö¿¡¼­ ¿­±âÀü·Â(thermoelectromotive force) ¹ß°ß.
¾Æº§(Niels Henrik Abel, 1802.8.5~1829.4.6) ¾Æº§ÀÇ Á¤¸® Áõ¸í.
2¿ù 24ÀÏ: ÀԽǷ»Æ¼(Alexander Ypsilantis, 1792~1828) ¿À½º¸¸Æ®·çÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ¸ôµµ¹Ù(Moldavia)¿¡¼­ ºÀ±â(´ç½Ã29¼¼).
1822³â
¹èºñÁö (Charles Babbage, 1792.12.26~1871.10.20) ±â°è½Ä °è»ê±â ¹ß¸í (´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
·Î¸¶±³È¸: °¥¸±·¹ÀÌ (Galileo Galilei, 1564.2.15~1642.1.8)ÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ý¼­ ÇØÁ¦.
1823³â
º¸¾ßÀÌ(Janos Bolyai, 1802.12.15~1860.1.27) ºñÀ¯Å¬¸®µå ±âÇÏÇÐ(½Ö°î¼± ±âÇÏÇÐ) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã21¼¼).
1824³â

Ä«¸£³ë (Nicholas Leonard Sadi Carnot, 1796.7.1~1832.8.24, 36¼¼»ç¸Á) ³í¹® "¿­ÀÇ ¿îµ¿ ´É·Â°ú ±× ´É·ÂÀ» °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÂû(Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power)"¿¡¼­ Ä«¸£³ë ±â°ü Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
¾Æ¶ó°í (Dominique Francois Jean Arago, 1786.2.26~1853.10.2) ¾Æ¶ó°íÀÇ ¿øÆÇ(Arago's Disk)¿¡¼­ ¸Éµ¹ÀÌ Àü·ù(Eddy Current)Çö»ó ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ (Michael Faraday, 1791.9.22~1867.8.25) º¥Á¨, ºÎÆ¿·» ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
¸®ºñÈ÷ (Justus Freiherr von Liebig, 1803.5.12~1873.4.18) ±â¼¾(Giessen) ´ëÇп¡ Çлý¿ë È­ÇнÇÇè½Ç ¼³Ä¡(´ç½Ã 21¼¼).
¾Ö½ºÇÁµò(Joseph Aspdin, 1779~1885.3.20) ½Ã¸àÆ® ¹ß¸í.
1825³â
¼øÁ¶ 25³â: Áß±¹À¸·Î ºÎÅÍ °¨ÀÚ Àü·¡.
9¿ù 27ÀÏ: ½ºÆ¼ºì½¼ (George Stephenson, 1781.6.9~1848.8.12) ¿µ±¹ ½ºÅåÅÏ°ú ´Þ¸µÅÏ »çÀÌ¿¡ Áõ±â±â°üÂ÷ Locomotion È£ ÃÖÃÊ ¿îÇà.
»ý½Ã¸ù(Comte de Saint-Simon, 1760.10.17~1825.5.19) "½Å ±×¸®½ºµµ±³" Ãâ°£.
1826³â
Åç¹þ(William Henry Fox Talbot, 1800.2.11~1877.9.17) ¿©·¯ ¹°ÁúÀÇ ºÒ²ÉÀ» ÇÁ¸®ÁòÀ¸·Î ºÐ±¤ÇÏ¿© ¹°Áú ºÐ·ù¿¡ ÀÌ¿ë(´ç½Ã26¼¼).
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ºê¶ó¿î (Robert Brown, 1773.12.21~1858.6.10) ºê¶ó¿î ¿îµ¿(Brownian movement) ¹ß°ß.

¿È (Georg Simon Ohm, 1789.3.16~1854.7.6) ¿ÈÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ³í¹®¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
ºÉ·¯ (Friedrich Wohler, 1800.7.31~1882.9.23) ±Ý¼Ó ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ ºÐ¸®(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
´ÏÄÝ (William Nicol, 1768~1851.9.2) Æí±¤Çö¹Ì°æ ¹ß¸í.
1828³â
±×¸° (George Green, 1793.7~1841.5.31) Àü±â "Potential" ¿ë¾î ÃÖÃÊ »ç¿ë.
ºÉ·¯ (Friedrich Wohler, 1800.7.31~1882.9.23) ¿ä¼Ò(ÒãáÈ, urea)¸¦ ÀΰøÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ°í, ¹«±â¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯±â¹°ÀÇ ½ÇÇè½Ç ÇÕ¼º °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÁÖÀå.
¿À»ê (Gottfried Wilhelm Osann, 1797.10.26~1866.9.9) ·çÅ×´½(Ru, Ruthenium) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 31¼¼). ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¶óƾ À̸§ Ruthenia¿¡¼­ À¯·¡.
º£¸¦¸° ´ëÇб³ ¼³¸³.
ÇعÐÅÏ (William Rowan Hamilton, 1805.8.4~1865.9.2) ÇعÐÅä´Ï¾È ÇÔ¼ö H(q,p) µµÀÔ. ÃÖ¼ÒÀÛ¿ë ¿ø¸® Á¦¾È.
1830³â
¶óÀÌ¿¤ (Charles Lyell, 1797.11.14~1875.2.22) "ÁöÁúÇÐÀÇ ¿ø¸® (The Principles of Geology)" Ãâ°£ (´ç½Ã 33¼¼).
7¿ù 27~29ÀÏ: ÇÁ¶û½º 7¿ù Çõ¸í.
¸®½ºÅÍ(Joseph Jackson Lister, 1786.1.11~1869.10.24) ºñ±¸¸é ·»Áî °³¹ß.
Çã¼È(John Frederick William Herschel, 1792.3.7~1871.5.11) 1µî¼ºÀº 6µî¼ºº¸´Ù 100¹è ¹àÀº °ÍÀ» °üÂû(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
1831³â
8¿ù 29ÀÏ: Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ (Michael Faraday, 1791.9.22~1867.8.25) ÀüÀڱ⠻óÈ£ À¯µµ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß.
12¿ù: ´ÙÀ© (Charles Robert Darwin, 1809.2.12~1882.4.9) ºñ±Û(Beagle)È£ Ç×ÇØ ½ÃÀÛ(1831.12~1836.10).
À§°í(Victor-Marie Hugo, 1802.2.26~1885.5.22) "³ëƲŽ µå Æĸ®(Notre Dame de Paris)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã29¼¼). ¿µÈ­ "³ëƲ´ãÀÇ ²ÅÃß(The Hunchback of Notre Dame)"ÀÇ ¿øÀÛ.
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1832³â


Ç(Joseph Henry, 1797.12.7~1878.5.13) ÀÚüÀ¯µµ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
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¸®½ºÅÍ(Joseph Jackson Lister, 1786.1.11~1869.10.24) ÀûÇ÷±¸ ¼¼Æ÷ ÃÖÃÊ °üÂû.
1833³â
Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ (Michael Faraday, 1791.9.22~1867.8.25) Àü±âºÐÇØ¿¡ °üÇÑ Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(1¸ô ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÀüÇÏ·®Àº 964,867 C).
ÈÞ¾ó(William Whewell, 1794.3.24~1866.3.6) Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ¿Í ÀdzíÇÏ¿© Àü±Ø(electrode), ¾ç±Ø(anode), À½±Ø(cathode), ÀÌ¿Â(ion), Àü±âºÐÇØ(electrolysis) ¿ë¾î Á¦¾È. ½ÃÀÎ ColeridgeÀÇ ¿äûÀ¸·Î "°úÇÐÀÚ(Scientist)"¶ó´Â ¸» Á¦¾È.
1834³â

·»Ã÷ (Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz, 1804.2.12~1865.2.10) ·»Ã÷ÀÇ À¯µµ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
ÆçƼ¿¡ (Jean Charles Athanase Peltier, 1785.2.22~1845.10.27) ¿­Àü½Ö¿¡ Àü·ù¸¦ È긮¸é ¾ç±Ø´Ü¿¡¼­ Èí¿­°ú ¹ß¿­ÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °Í(Peltier Effect)À» ¹ß°ß.
Ŭ¶óÆäÀÌ·Õ (Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron, 1799.2.26~1864.1.28) PV ´ÙÀ̾î±×·¥À» ½á¼­ Carnot¿£ÁøÀ» ºÐ¼®(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
º£¼¿ (Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, 1784.7.22~1846.3.17) ½Ã¸®¿ì½º(Sirius, ô¸ÕÉàø) ÀÚ¸®¿¡ µ¿¹Ý¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¿¹¾ð. ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¹é»ö¿Ö¼ºÀÓÀÌ ¹àÇôÁü.
1835³â
°¡¿ì½º (Karl Friedrich Gauss, 1777.4.30~1855.2.23) Àü±â¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡¿ì½º ¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È.
Åç¹þ(William Henry Fox Talbot, 1800.2.11~1877.9.17) ¿°È­Àº(AgCl)À» Á¾ÀÌ¿¡ ¹ß¶ó¼­ »çÁø ÃÔ¿µ(´ç½Ã35¼¼).
ÈÖÆ®½ºÅæ(Charles Wheatstone, 1802.2.6~1875.10.19) ±Ý¼Ó Áõ±â¿¡¼­ ÈÖ¼± ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã32¼¼).
1836³â
ÃÖÇѱâ (õËùÓÑ», 1803~1875) "ÃßÃø·Ï(õÏö´Öâ)"°ú "½Å±âÅë(ãêѨ÷×)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã33¼¼). °æÇè·Ð ÁÖÀå.
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1837³â
Ǫ¾Æ¼Û(Siméon Denis Poisson, 1781.6.21~1840.4.25) Ǫ¾Æ¼Û È®·ü ºÐÆ÷ Á¦¾È.
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ºòÅ丮¾Æ ¿©¿Õ (Queen Victoria, 1819.5.24~1901.1.22) µî±Ø(´ç½Ã18¼¼). ºòÅ丮¾Æ ½Ã´ë ½ÃÀÛ. ¿µ±¹ Á¦±¹ÁÖÀÇ Àü¼º±â. ÇØ°¡ ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿µ±¹.
»ýºÆºê(Charles Augustin Saint-Beuve, 1804.12.23~1869.10.13) "8¿ù ´Ü»ó"¿¡¼­ "»ó¾Æž(Ivory Tower)"¶ó´Â ¸»À» ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇÔ(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
1838³â
½¶¶óÀ̵§ (Matthias Jakob Schleiden, 1804.4.5~1881.6.23) ½Ä¹°¼¼Æ÷¼³ Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).
º£¼¿ (Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, 1784.7.22~1846.3.17) ¹éÁ¶ÀÚ¸® 61¹ø º°¿¡¼­ ¿¬ÁÖ½ÃÂ÷ ÃøÁ¤.
ÈÖÆ®½ºÅæ(Charles Wheatstone, 1802.2.6~1875.10.19) ÀÔü »çÁø±â(stereoscopic camera) °³¹ß.
1839³â
°¡¿ì½º (Karl Friedrich Gauss, 1777.4.30~1855.2.23) "Áö±¸ÀÚ±âÀåÀº ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÀÚÈ­µÈ ±¸ÀÇ ÀÚ±âÀå°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù."
±»À̾î (Charls Goodyear, 1800.12.2.9~1860.7.1) °¡È²°í¹« ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 39¼¼).
½´¹Ý (Ambrose Hubert Theodor Schwann, 1810.12.7~1882.1.11) µ¿¹°¼¼Æ÷¼³ Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
´Ù°Ô¸£(Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, 1787.11.18~1851.7.10) Àºµµ±ÝÇÑ µ¿ÆÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀºÆÇ»çÁø¼ú(daguerreotype) ¹ß¸í.
1840³â

ÁÙ (James Prescott Joule, 1818.12.24~1889.10.11) ÀúÇ×°ú ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿­°úÀÇ °ü°è ÁÙÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ (Q~I^2R¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 22¼¼).
ÇÁ·ÚºÉ (Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel, 1782.4.21~1852.6.21) ºí¶ûÄ˺긣ũ¿¡ ¼¼°è ÃÖÃÊÀÇ À¯Ä¡¿ø ¼³¸³.
¾ÆÆíÀüÀï(ä¹ø¸îúî³, Opium War) ¹ß¹ß(~1842).
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Åç¹þ(William Henry Fox Talbot, 1800.2.11~1877.9.17) Ä®·ÎŸÀÔ(calotype) »çÁø±â ¹ß¸í.

ÇÇÁ¶ (Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau, 1819.9.23~1896.9.18) ¿°È­±Ý(AuCl)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀºÆÇ»çÁø¼ú(daguerreotype) °³·®(´ç½Ã21¼¼).
1841³â

¸¶À̾î (Julius Robert von Mayer, 1814.11.25~1878.3.20) ¿­°ú ÀÏ»çÀÌÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
1842³â

µµÇ÷¯ (Christian Johann Doppler, 1803.11.29~1853.3.17) µµÇ÷¯ È¿°ú¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹® ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). "ÀÌÁß¼º(ì£ñìàø) ¹× ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¸î °³ Ç×¼ºÀÇ Âø»ö±¤(ó·ßäÎÃ)¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©".
Çã¼È(John Frederick William Herschel, 1792.3.7~1871.5.11) ½Ã¾È ŸÀÙ ÀÎÈ­±â¼ú °³¹ß.
¸®ºñÈ÷ (Justus Freiherr von Liebig, 1803.5.12~1873.4.18) "µ¿¹° È­ÇÐ" Ãâ°£. È£Èí¿¡ °üÇÑ ±Ù´ëÀû ¼³¸í Á¦½Ã. ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢.
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Å°¸£È÷È£ÇÁ(Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, 1824.3.12~1887.10.17) Àü±â ȸ·Î ¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È (´ç½Ã 21¼¼).
9¿ù 13ÀÏ: Æз¯µ¥ÀÌ (Michael Faraday, 1791.9.22~1867.8.25) ÀÚ±âÀåÀÌ °¡ÇØÁø ¹°ÁúÀ» Åõ°úÇÑ ºû¿¡¼­ Æí±¤ º¯È­¿¡ °üÇÑ Faraday È¿°ú ¹ß°ß.
Æ÷ÅÍ (Rufus Porter, 1792.5.1~1884.8.13) °úÇÐ °è¸ùÁö "»çÀ̾ðƼÇÈ ¾î¸Þ¸®Ä­ Scientific American (SciAm)" â°£.
1846³â
¸£º£¸®¿¡ (Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, 1811.3.11~1877.9.23) ÇØ¿Õ¼º(Neptune)ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¿¹Ãø(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
9¿ù23ÀÏ °¥·¹ (Johann Gottfried Galle, 1812.6.9~1910.7.10) ÇØ¿Õ¼º ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).
Â÷À̽º(Carl Zeiss, 1816.9.11~1888) Carl Zeiss »ç ¼³¸³(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
1847³â

ÁÙ (James Prescott Joule, 1818.12.24~1889.10.11) ¿­ÀÇ ÀÏ´ç·® ¹ß°ß(Mechanical Equivalence of Heat, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼). 1 cal= 4.184 J

Ç︧ȦÃ÷ (Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, 1821.8.31~1894.9.8) ³í¹® "ÈûÀÇ º¸Á¸¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©"¿¡¼­ ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ Á¦Ã¢(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
¾Æ°¡½Ã (Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, 1807.5.28~1873.12.14) "ºùÇÏÀÇ Ã¼°è(Système glaciare)" Ãâ°£.
ÇöóÅä(Joseph Antoine Plateau, 1801.10.14~1883.9.15) ºñ´© °ÅÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇè ¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È.
º£¸£Å©¸¸(Karl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann, 1814.5.18~1865.4.30) º£¸£Å©¸¸ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢(Ãß¿î Áö¹æÀÇ Ç׿ µ¿¹°ÀÌ µû¶æÇÑ Áö¹æÀÇ °°Àº Á¾º¸´Ù ºÎÇÇ°¡ Å©´Ù) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
1848³â

Ä̺ó (Kelvin, º»¸í William Thomson, 1824.6.26~1907.12.17) Àý´ë¿Âµµ Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).

ÆĽºÅ𸣠(Louis Pasteur, 1822.12.27~1895.9.28) Ÿ¸£Å¸¸£»ê(tartaric acid)¿¡¼­ ±¤È¸Àü¼º ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
2¿ù: ¸¶¸£Å©½º (Karl Heinrich Marx, 1818.5.5~1883.3.14, ´ç½Ã30¼¼)¿Í ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels, 1820.11.28~1895.8.5, ´ç½Ã28¼¼): "°ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð" ¹ßÇ¥.
1849³â
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Ŭ¶ó¿ìÁö¿ì½º (Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius, 1822.1.2~1888.8.24) ³í¹® "¿­ÀÇ µ¿·Â¿¡ °üÇؼ­, ±×¸®°í ±× ¹ýÄ¢¼º¿¡¼­ À̲ø¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿­ÀÇ À̷п¡ °üÇؼ­"¿¡¼­ ¿­¿ªÇÐ Á¦2¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È ("¿­Àº ³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­ ³·Àº ¿Âµµ·Î È帥´Ù")(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
¸ð¸®(Matthew Fontaine Mauri, 1806.1.14~1873.2.1) "¾óÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÏ±ØÇØ" ÁÖÀå.
1851³â

ǪÄÚ (Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, 1819.9.18~1868.2.11) ǪÄÚÀÇ ÁøÀÚ·Î Áö±¸ÀÇ ÀÚÀüÀ» ½ÇÇèÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ¸í(´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
Ä̺ó (Kelvin, º»¸í William Thomson, 1824.6.26~1907.12.17) ¿­¿ªÇÐ Á¦2¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È("È¿À² 100%¿­±â°üÀº ºÒ°¡´É").
Ä̺ó (Kelvin, º»¸í William Thomson, 1824.6.26~1907.12.17) ÇÑ°³ÀÇ ±Ý¼Óµµ¼±¿¡ Àü·ù¸¦ È긮¸é Joule¿­ ÀÌ¿Ü·Î Èí¿­¶Ç´Â ¹ß¿­ÇÏ´Â Çö»ó¹ß°ß(Thomson Effect)(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
¿öÅͽºÅæ(John James Waterston, 1811~1883) ¿¡³ÊÁö µîºÐ¹è(equipartition) ¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È.
¾Æó(Frederick Scott Archer, 1813~1857.5.2) ½ÀÆÇ »çÁø¼ú(wet collodion process) ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
1852³â


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¸¶±×´©½º (Heinrich Gustav Magnus, 1802~1870) À¯Ã¼¼Ó¿¡¼­ ȸÀüÇÏ´Â ¹°Ã¼¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸¶±×´©½º È¿°ú ¹ß°ß.

º£¹ö (Wilhelm Eduard Weber, 1804.10.24~1891.6.23) °¡¿ì½º¿Í ÀüÀÚ±â´ÜÀ§°è Á¦Á¤.
½ºÆæ¼­(Herbert Spencer, 1820.4.27~1903.12.8) "¹ßÀü°¡¼³ (The Development Hypothesis)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). "ÀûÀÀ" °³³ä Á¦½Ã.
½ºÆæ¼­(Herbert Spencer, 1820.4.27~1903.12.8) "µ¿¹°ÀÇ ´Ù»ê¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀϹݹýÄ¢À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Ãß·ÐµÈ Àα¸·Ð(A Theory of Population, Deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility)"¿¡¼­ "ÀûÀÚ»ýÁ¸(îêíºßæðí, survival of the fittest)" ÁÖÀå.
°Å½º¸®(Francis Guthrie, 1831.1.22~1899.10.19) »ç»ö(ÞÌßä)¹®Á¦(Four Color Problem) Á¦¾È.
Çã¼È(John Frederick William Herschel, 1792.3.7~1871.5.11) "õ¹®ÇÐ °³·Ð(Outline of Astronomy)" Ãâ°£.
Ä̺ó (Kelvin, º»¸í William Thomson, 1824.6.26~1907.12.17) ³í¹® "¿ªÇÐÀû ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀ» ÇâÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ º¸Æí °æÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy)"¿¡¼­ °í±Þ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í Àú±Þ¿¡³ÊÁö ºÐ·ù(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
1853³â
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7¿ù: Å©¸² ÀüÀï(Crimean War) ¹ß¹ß(1853.7~1856.3).
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1854³â
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°©½ÅÁ¤º¯
ÆĽ¼½º (Charles Algernon Parsons, 1854.7.13~1931.2.11) Áõ±âÅͺó ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
À̽ºÆ®¸¸(George Eastman, 1854.6.12~1932.3.14) ·Ñ Çʸ§(Roll film) °³¹ß(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
1886³â
 
¸¶ÀÌÄ̽¼ (Albert Abraham Michelson, 1852.12.19~1931.5.9, 1907³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó)(´ç½Ã 34¼¼)°ú ¸ô¸® (Edward Williams Morley, 1838.1.29~1923.2.24)(´ç½Ã 48¼¼)ÀÇ ½ÇÇè. ¿¡Å׸£(Ether)ÀÇ Á¸ÀçºÎÁ¤.
ºùŬ·¯ (Clemens Alexander Winkler, 1838.12.26~1904.10.8) ¸àµ¨·¹ÇÁ°¡ 1871³â Á¸Àç(eka-Silicon)¸¦ ¿¹¾ðÇÑ °Ô¸£¸¶´½(Ge)¹ß°ß. ±×ÀÇ Á¶±¹ µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ¶óƾ À̸§ Germania¸¦ µû¼­ ¸í¸í.
¹ÝƮȣÇÁ (Jacobus Henricus Van't Hoff, 1852.8.30~1911.3.1) »ïÅõ¾Ð Çö»óÀ» ±âü¿îµ¿·ÐÀ¸·Î ¼³¸í (PV=nRT, ´ç½Ã 34¼¼). 1901³â ³ëº§ È­Çлó.
¹ÙÀ̽º¸¸ (August Weismann, 1834.1.17~1914.11.5) "ü¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÇüÁúº¯È­°¡ »ý½Ä¼¼Æ÷·Î ÀüÀ̵ÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù"°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿© ¿ëºÒ¿ë¼³ ºÎÁ¤.
¾Æº£(Ernst Abbe, 1840.1.23~1905.1.14) ¹«¼öÂ÷ ·»Áî(apochrmat lens) °³¹ß.
1887³â
Ä̺ó (Kelvin, º»¸í William Thomson, 1824.6.26~1907.12.17) ³í¹® "ÃÖ¼Ò ¸éÀûÀ» °®µµ·Ï °ø°£À» ºÐÇÒÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©"¿¡¼­ ÇØ´äÀ¸·Î BCC°áÁ¤ÀÇ ¿ø½Ã ´ÜÀ§¼¼Æ÷(²ÀÁö°¡ Àß·ÁÁø Á¤Æȸéü, truncated octahedron) Á¦¾È (Kelvin Conjecture).
1888³â

Ç츣Ã÷ (Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857.2.22~1894.1.1, 37¼¼ »ç¸Á) ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ ¹ß»ý½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).

ÇÒ¹ÙÅ©½º (Wilhelm Ludwig Franz Hallwachs, 1859.7.9~1922.6.20) ÇÒ¹ÙÅ©½º È¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 29¼¼): À½(ëä)À¸·Î ´ëÀü(Óáï³)µÈ ¹°Ã¼¿¡ Àڿܼ±À» ºñÃß¸é ±× À½Àü±â(ëäï³Ñ¨)°¡ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ°í(±¤ÀüÈ¿°ú) ±×·± Çö»óÀÌ ¾ç(åÕ)À¸·Î ´ëÀüµÈ ¹°Ã¼¿¡¼­´Â ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´ø·Ó (John Boyd Dunlop, 1840.2.5~1921.11.23) °í¹«Å¸ÀÌ¾î ¹ß¸í.
1889³â


·¹³ª¸£Æ® (Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard, 1862.6.7~1947.5.20) ±¤ÀüÈ¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 27¼¼).
¿ÜÆ®ºÆ½Ã (Roland Baron von Eötvös, 1848.7.27~1919.4.8) Áß·ÂÁú·®°ú °ü¼ºÁú·®ÀÌ °°À½À» Áõ¸í.
1890³â
Ǫ¾ÞÄ«·¹ (Henri Poincare, 1854.4.29~1912.7.17) ȸ±ÍÁ¤¸®(Recurrence Theorem) Áõ¸í(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).

·òµåº£¸® (Johannes Robert Rydberg, 1854.11.8~1919.12.28) ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡ °üÇÑ ·òµåº£¸®ÀÇ °ø½Ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
1891³â
½ºÅä´Ï (George Johnstone Stoney, 1826.2.15~1911.7.5) ÀüÀÚ(electron) ¸í¸í.
µÚºÎ¾Æ ( Eugene Du Bois, 1858.1.28~1940.12.16) ÀÚ¹Ù ¿øÀÎ(pithekanthropos erectus, È£¸ð ¿¡·ºÅõ½º Homo erectus) È­¼® ¹ß°ß (´ç½Ã 33¼¼).
1893³â
ºó (Wilhelm Wien, 1864.1.13~1928.8.30) ºóÀÇ º¯À§¹ýÄ¢¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã29¼¼). 1911³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 47¼¼).
µðÁ© (Rudolf Diesel, 1858.3.18~1913.9.29) µðÁ©±â°ü ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
1894³â
°©¿À°³Çõ(Ë£çíËÇúÔ)
ûÀÏÀüÀï (ôèìíîúî³)
·¹³ª¸£Æ® (Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard, 1862.6.7~1947.5.20) ·¹³ª¸£Æ® Áø°ø°ü ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). 1905³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 43¼¼).
·¥Áö (William Ramsay, 1852.10.2~1916.7.23) °ø±â¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¸£°ï(Ar) ºÐ¸®. 1904³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
1895³â
 
11¿ù 8ÀÏ: ·ÛÆ®°Õ (Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, 1845.3.27~1923.2.10) X¼± ¹ß°ß. 1901³â 1ȸ ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï (Guglielmo Marconi, 1874.4.25~1937.7.20) ¹«¼±Åë½Å ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 21¼¼). 1896³â ¹«¼±Åë½Å ƯÇã Ãëµæ. 1909³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
·¥Áö (William Ramsay, 1852.10.2~1916.7.23) ¹æ»ç´É ºØ±« »ý¼º¹°¿¡¼­ Çï·ý ºÐ¸®.
À£½º(Herbert George Wells, 1866.9.21~1946.8.13) "ŸÀÓ¸Ó½Å" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã29¼¼).
1896³â
2¿ù 24ÀÏ: º£Å©·¼ (Antoine Henri Becquerel, 1852.12.15~1908.8.25) ¿ì¶ó´½¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¿¬¹æ»ç´É¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ßÇ¥(·¯´õÆ÷µå°¡ ¾ËÆÄ, º£Å¸, °¨¸¶¼±À¸·Î À̸§ºÙÀÓ). 1903³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
12¿ù: Á¦¸¸ (Pieter Zeeman, 1865.5.25~1943.10.9) Á¦¸¸ È¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 31¼¼). 1902³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
ºó (Wilhelm Wien, 1864.1.13~1928.8.30) ºóÀÇ Áö¼ö(exponetial) º¹»ç¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). 1911³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 47¼¼).
Æäºê¸® (Maurice Paul Auguste Charles Fabry, 1867.6.11~1945.12.11, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼)¿Í Æзµ (Jean Baptiste Gustav Alfred Perot, 1863.11.3~1925.11.28, ´ç½Ã33¼¼): Fabry-Perot °£¼·°è ¹ß¸í.
µàÀÌ(John Dewey, 1859.10.20~1952.6.1) µàÀÌÇб³(Dewey School) ¼³¸³. Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇ ±³À°(Progressive Education) ½ÃÇà(´ç½Ã37¼¼).
º¸·Î³ëÀÌ(Georgii Feodosevich Voronoi, 1868.4.28~1908.11.20) º¸·Î³ëÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷(Voronoi Cell) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
1897³â


Åè½¼ (Joseph John Thomson, 1856.12.18~1940.8.30) ÀüÀÚ(electron) ¹ß°ß. 1906³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.

ºê¶ó¿î (Karl Ferdinand Braun, 1850.6.6~1918.4.20) ºê¶ó¿î°ü (¶Ç´Â CRT Cathod-ray tube, À½±Ø¼±°ü) ¹ß¸í. ¿À½Ç·Î½ºÄÚÇÁ(Oscilloscope) ¹ß¸í. 1909³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(¹«¼±Àü½Å ¿¬±¸ ¾÷Àû¶§¹®).
Àª½¼ (Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, 1869.2.14~1959.11.15) ¾È°³»óÀÚ ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 28¼¼). 1927³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 58¼¼).
1898³â

7¿ù: Äû¸®ºÎÀÎ (Marie Sklodowska Curie, 1867.11.7~1934.7.4) Æú·Î´½ (Po) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 30¼¼).
12¿ù: Äû¸®ºÎÀÎ (Marie Sklodowska Curie, 1867.11.7~1934.7.4) ¶óµã (Ra) ¹ß°ß. 1903³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó. 1911³â ³ëº§ È­Çлó.
µà¾î (James Dewar, 1842.9.20~1923.3.27) ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¼ö¼Ò ¾×È­.
Æĺí·ÎÇÁ (Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, 1849.9.26~1936.2.27) °³¿¡¼­ Á¶°Ç¹Ý»ç ½ÇÇè.
1899³â
À©µå(C. H. Wind)¿Í ÇÏ°¡(Hermanus Haga, 1852.1.24~1936.9.11): X-¼±À¸·Î ½½¸´¿¡¼­ ȸÀý½ÇÇè.
6¿ù 18ÀÏ: Á¦¹°Æ÷-³ë·®Áø Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊ Ã¶µµ ¿îÇà.
Ƽ¾¾¾î(Henry Tissier, ) ¸ðÀ¯¸Ô´Â À¯¾Æ¿¡°Ô¼­ ºñÇÇ´õ½º±Õ (Bifidobacterium) ¹ß°ß.
óÀ½À¸·Î, ÁýÀ¸·Î

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1900³â
µå·çµ¥ (Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, 1863.7.12~1906.7.7) ±Ý¼Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå·çµ¥ ¸ðÇü (Drude model) ¹ßÇ¥.
·¹Àϸ® (John William Strutt Rayleigh, 1842.11.12~1919.6.30) Èæüº¹»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹Àϸ®-ÁøÁî ¹ýÄ¢ À¯µµ.

ÇöûÅ© (Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, 1858.4.23~1947.10.3) º¹»ç¹ýÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥. 1918³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
4¿ù: ÄÚ·»½º(Carl Erich Correns, 1864.9.19~1933.2.14) ¸àµ¨ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Àç¹ß°ß.
ü¸£¸¶Å©(Erich Tschermak von Seysenegg, 1871.11.15~1962.10.11) ¸àµ¨¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Àç¹ß°ß.
8¿ù 8ÀÏ: Èúº£¸£Æ®(David Hilbert, 1862.1.23~1943.2.14) Æĸ® ±¹Á¦ ¼öÇÐÀÚ ´ëȸ(ICM, International Congress of Mathematicians)¿¡¼­ 23°³ÀÇ ³­¹® Á¦½Ã(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
1901³â

¸®Ã³µå½¼ (Owen Willans Richardson, 1879.4.26~1959.2.15) ¿­ÀüÀÚ(thermo-electron) ¹æÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû, ½ÇÇèÀû ¿¬±¸. 1928³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¶õÆ®½´Å¸ÀÌ³Ê (Karl Landsteiner, 1868.6.14~1943.6.26) ABO½Ä Ç÷¾×Çü ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 33¼¼). 1930³â ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó.
µåºê¸®½º (Hugo De Vries, 1848.2.16~1935.5.21) ´Þ¸ÂÀÌ ²É ¿¬±¸·Î µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ ¼³ (mutation theory) Á¦¾È. ¸àµ¨ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Àç¹ß°ß.
¼Òµð (Frederick Soddy, 1877.9.2~1956.9.22) µ¿À§¿ø¼Ò(Isotope, ÔÒêÈêªáÈ) °³³ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 24¼¼). 1921³â ³ëº§ È­Çлó.
12¿ù: ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´Ï (Guglielmo Marconi, 1874.4.25~1937.7.20) ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´ç ¹«¼±Åë½Å ¼º°ø.
±é½º (Josiah Williard Gibbs, 1839.2.11~1903.4.28) "Åë°è¿ªÇÐÀÇ ±âº»¿ø¸®(Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics)" Ãâ°£.
1902³â

·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19) "¾ËÆļ±Àº ¹«°Å¿î ¾çÀüÇÏ ÀÔÀÚ"
·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19) ¹æ»ç´ÉÀº ¹°Áú³»ºÎÀÇ Çö»ó(Rutherford-Soddy theory)(´ç½Ã 31¼¼). ¹æ»ç´É ºØ±«¹ýÄ¢ (ºØ±«À²Àº ÀÔÀÚ¼ö¿¡ ºñ·Ê) Á¦¾È. 1908³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
Äɳڸ® (Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1861.12.17~1939. 6.18)¿Í Çìºñ»çÀ̵å (Oliver Heaviside, 1850.5.18~1925.2.3) µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ë±â Àü¸®Ãþ(Äɳڸ®-Çìºñ»çÀ̵å Ãþ)ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¿¹¾ð. ¸¶¸£ÄÚ´ÏÀÇ ¹«¼±Åë½ÅÀ» ¼³¸í.
¼­ÅÏ (Walter Stanborough Sutton, 1877.4.5~1916.11.10) »ý¹°ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¿°»öü¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿°»öü¼³(æøßäô÷àã, Chromosome Theory)À» ÁÖÀå(´ç½Ã 25¼¼).
1903³â
3¿ù 19ÀÏ: Å©·è½º (William Crookes, 1832.6.17~1919.4.4) ZnS(Ȳȭ¾Æ¿¬)¿¡ ¹æ»ç¼±À» ½îÀÌ¸é ¼¶±¤ÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ß.
5¿ù: ³ª°¡¿ÀÄ« ÇÑŸ·Î (íþ˪Úâ÷¼ÕÍ Àå°­¹ÝŶû, 1865.8.18~1950.12.11) À¯ÇÙ ¿øÀÚ¸ðÇü Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
Åè½¼ (Joseph John Thomson, 1856.12.18~1940.8.30) Åè½¼ ¿øÀÚ¸ðÇü Á¦¾È.
¹ÙÀÌ´×°Å(Otto Weininger, 1880.4.3~1903.10.4) "¼º°ú ¼º°Ý(Sex and Character)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã23¼¼).
12¿ù 17ÀÏ: ¶óÀÌÆ® ÇüÁ¦(Wright brothers, Wilbur Wright, 1867.4.16~1912.5.30, ´ç½Ã36¼¼ ¿Í Orbille Wright, 1871.8.19~1948.1.30, ´ç½Ã32¼¼) µ¿·Â ºñÇà±â·Î ºñÇà ¼º°ø.
1904³â
2¿ù8ÀÏ: ·¯ÀÏÀüÀï(~1905.9.5)
º£¹ö (Max Weber, 1864.4.21~1920.6.14) "ÇÁ·ÎÅ×½ºÅºÆ® À±¸®¿Í ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Á¤½Å" Ãâ°£.
1905³â
(Mileva Maric & Einstein)
3¿ù: ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): ±¤ÀüÈ¿°ú(photoelectric effect) ³í¹® Á¦Ãâ(´ç½Ã26¼¼). 1921³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 42¼¼).
5¿ù: ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): ºê¶ó¿î ¿îµ¿(Brownian movement) ³í¹® Á¦Ãâ.
6¿ù: ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): Ư¼ö »ó´ë¼ºÀ̷п¡ ´ëÇÑ ³í¹® Á¦Ãâ.

¶ûÁÖ¹ð (Paul Langevin, 1872.1.23~1946.12.19) »óÀÚ¼ºÃ¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶ûÁÖ¹ð ¹æÁ¤½Ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 33¼¼).

ÁøÁî (James Hopwood Jeans, 1877.9.11~1946.9.16) Èæüº¹»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹Àϸ®-ÁøÁî ¹ýÄ¢ À¯µµ(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
ÇϹö(Fritz Haber, 1868.12.9~1934.1.29) °ø±âÁßÀÇ Áú¼Ò¸¦ °íÁ¤(ͳïÒ, the fixation of nitrogen from the air)ÇÏ¿© ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ÇÕ¼º¹ý °³¹ß. 1918³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
1¿ù9ÀÏ: Á¦1Â÷ ·¯½Ã¾Æ Çõ¸í.
º£ÀÕ½¼ (William Bateson, 1861~1926) "À¯ÀüÇÐ(ë¶îîùÊ, genetics)" ¸í¸í.
1906³â
µå Æ÷¸®½ºÆ® (Lee de Forest, 1873.8.26~1961.6.30) »ï±ØÁø°ø°ü ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 33¼¼). 1908³â ƯÇãȹµæ.
¶óÀÌ¸Õ (Theodore Lyman, 1874.11.23~1954.10.11) ¼ö¼Ò ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼­ ¶óÀÌ¸Õ °è¿­(n --> 1) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
³×¸¥½ºÆ® (Walter Herrmann Nernst, 1864.6.25~1941.11.18) ¿­¿ªÇÐ Á¦3¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(¿Âµµ°¡ 0K·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¸é ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ´Â »ó¼ö°¡ µÈ´Ù. ºñ¿­Àº 0.). 1920³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
¹ÙÀÌÃ÷¸¸ (Chaim Azriel Weizmann, 1874.11.27~1952.11.9, ½Ã¿ÂÁÖÀÇÀÚ) ¾Æ¼¼ÅæÀÇ ´ë·®»ý»ê¹ý °³¹ß.
1907³â
¹ÙÀ̽º (Pierre Ernest Weiss, 1865.3.25~1940.10.24) "ÀÚ±¸(Magnetic Domain)"°³³äÀ» µµÀÔÇÏ¿© °­ÀÚ¼ºÃ¼ ¼³¸í.
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): °íüºñ¿­¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾ÆÀν¬Å¸ÀÎ ¸ðµ¨ ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
º£¸£±×¼Û (Henri Bergson, 1859.10.18~1941.1.4) "âÁ¶Àû ÁøÈ­" ¹ßÇ¥.
Á¦ÀÓ½º (William James, 1842.1.11~1910.8.26) "ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÓƼÁò (Pragmatism, a New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking)" Ãâ°£.
1908³â

ÆļÏ(Friedrich Paschen, 1865.1.22~1947.2.25) ¼ö¼ÒºÐ±¤½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼­ Æļϰ迭(n --> 3) ¹ß°ß.

7¿ù 10ÀÏ: ¿Â³×½º (Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, 1853.9.21~1926.2.21) ÃÖÃÊ·Î Çï·ýÀ» ¾×È­½ÃÅ´.
¿Â³×½º (Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, 1853.9.21~1926.2.21) ¿­¿ªÇÐ ÇÔ¼ö ¿£Å»ÇÇ (enthalpy, H=E+pV) ÃÖÃÊ µµÀÔ.
·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19)¿Í ·ÎÀÌÁî(Thomas D. Royds, 1884.11.4~1955, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼): ¾ËÆļ±ÀÌ Çï·ýÀÇ ¿øÀÚÇÙÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ß.
¸ð°Ç (Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1866.9.25~1945.12.4) ÃÊÆĸ®(Drosophila)½ÇÇè. ¹Ý¼º(Úáàõ sex-linked)À¯Àü ¹ß°ß. 1933³â ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó.
·Î½º(Adolf Loos, 1870.12.10~1933.8.23) "Àå½Ä°ú Á˾Ç" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã38¼¼). "¾µµ¥¾ø´Â Àå½ÄÀº Á˾Ç".
Æä·©(Jean Baptiste Perrin, 1870.9.30~1942.4.17) ºê¶ó¿î ¿îµ¿À» °üÂûÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» Áõ¸í(´ç½Ã38¼¼). ¾Æº¸°¡µå·Î ¼ö ÃøÁ¤. 1926³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
1909³â

¹Ð¸®ÄÁ (Robert Andrews Millikan, 1868.3.22~1953.12.19) ±â¸§¹æ¿ï½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ÀüÀÚÀÇ ±âº»ÀüÇÏ·® ÃøÁ¤. 1923³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¾ËÅÙÅ°¸£ (Edmund Altenkirch, 1880~1953) ¿­Àü¼ÒÀÚÀÇ ¼º´ÉÁö¼ö(figure of merit)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
¿äÇѼ¾ (Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen, 1857.2.3~1927.11.11) "À¯ÀüÀÚ(gene)", "Ç¥ÇöÇü", "À¯ÀüÀÚÇü" ¸í¸í.
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): ºûÀÇ ÀÌÁß¼º(duality) Á¦½Ã(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
¸¶µ¨·î(Erwin Madelung, 1881~1972) Àû¿Ü¼± ¿µ¿ªÀÇ °íÀ¯Áøµ¿¼ö°¡ °íüÀÇ Åº¼º ȾÆÄ(transverse optical phonon)ÀÇ Áøµ¿¼ö¿Í °°´Ù.
1911³â
·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19) ¿øÀÚÇÙ ¹ß°ß.
¿Â³×½º (Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, 1853.9.21~1926.2.21) ¼öÀº¿¡¼­ ÃÊÀüµµ¼º ¹ß°ß. 1913³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.  
10¿ù 29ÀÏ~11¿ù3ÀÏ: Á¦1ȸ Solvay Conference in Brussels, Belgium.

¿¡·»Æ佺Ʈ (Paul Ehrenfest, 1880.1.18~1933.9.25) ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐÀÇ ´Ü¿­°¡¼³(Adiabatic hypothesis) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
½ºÅÍÅ͹øÆ® (Alfred Henry Sturtevant, 1891.11.21~1970.4.6) ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÃÊÆĸ®(fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster)ÀÇ ¿°»öü Áöµµ ÀÛ¼º (´ç½Ã 20¼¼).
ȨÁî (Arthur Holmes, 1890.1.4~1965.9.20) ¿ì¶ó´½ Çٺر«ÈÄ ³²Àº ³³À» ÀÌ¿ë(U-Pb method)ÇÏ¿© Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÁöÁúÇÐ ¿¬´ë ÃøÁ¤(´ç½Ã21¼¼).
·¯¼¿(Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 1872.5.18~1970.2.2, ´ç½Ã39¼¼)°ú È­ÀÌÆ®Çìµå(Alfred North Whitehead, 1861.2.15~1947.12.30) "¼öÇпø¸®(Principia Mathematica)" 1±Ç Ãâ°£.
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¶ó¿ì¿¡ (Max Theodor Felix von Laue, 1879.10.9~1960.4.24) Ȳ»ê±¸¸®(Copper Sulfate)°áÁ¤¿¡¼­ X¼± ȸÀý¹«´Ì ¾òÀ½(´ç½Ã 33¼¼). 1914³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).

µð¹ÙÀÌ (Peter Joseph William Debye, 1884.3.24~1966.11.2) °íüÀÇ ºñ¿­ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
º£°Ô³Ê (Alfred Lothar Wegener, 1880.11.1~1930.11) "´ë·úÀÇ ±â¿ø" Ãâ°£. ´ë·úÀ̵¿¼³(continental drift theory) ÁÖÀå(´ç½Ã 32¼¼). ÆÇ°Ô¾Æ(Pangea)
ºê·¡±× ºÎÀÚ: (William Henry Bragg, 1862.7.2~1942.3.12)¿Í (William Lawrence Bragg, 1890.3.31~1971.7.1, ´ç½Ã 22¼¼) X¼±ÀÌ °áÁ¤¸é¿¡¼­ ȸÀýÇÒ ¶§ Bragg ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß. 1915³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
ÀÚÄí¾î(Otto Sackur, 1880.9.28~1914.12.17, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼, ½ÇÇèµµÁß Æø¹ß»ç°í·Î 34¼¼ ¿äÀý)¿Í µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î Å×Æ®·Îµå(Hugo Martin Tetrode, 1895.3.7~1931.1.18, ´ç½Ã 17¼¼): ÀÌ»ó±âüÀÇ ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ °ø½Ä À¯µµ.
4¿ù 14ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ 11: 40 : ŸÀÌŸ´Ð(Titanic) È£ ħ¸ô.
¿ÀÀÌÄË(Arnold Eucken, 1884.7.3~1950.6.16) ¼ö¼Ò ºÐÀÚ ±âüÀÇ ºñ¿­ÀÌ Àú¿Â¿¡¼­ 5/2R¿¡¼­ 3/2R·Î ¶³¾îÁüÀ» ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
½½¶óÀÌÆÛ(Vesto Melvin Slipher, 1875.11.11~1969.11.8) ¾Èµå·Î¸Þ´Ù ÀºÇÏ¿¡¼­ Àû»öÆíÀÌ(Red Shift) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã37¼¼).
´ÏÄݽ¼(John William Nicholson, 1881~1955) ¿øÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÀüÀÚÀÇ °¢¿îµ¿·®ÀÌ ¾çÀÚÈ­µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» º¸ÀÓ(´ç½Ã31¼¼).
1913³â
º¸¾î (Niels Henrik David Bohr, 1885.10.7~1962.11.18) º¸¾î ¿øÀÚ¸ðÇü ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 28¼¼). 1922³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).

ÇÁ¶ûÅ©(James Franck, 1882.8.26~1964.5.21, ´ç½Ã 38¼¼)¿Í Ç츣Ã÷(Gustav Ludwig Hertz, 1887.7.22~1975.10.30, ´ç½Ã 33¼¼): ¼öÀº(Hg)Áõ±â·Î ÇÁ¶ûÅ©-Ç츣Ã÷ ½ÇÇè. 1925³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.

¸ðÁñ¸® (Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley, 1887.11.23~1915.8.10, 27¼¼ »ç¸Á) X¼±¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðÁñ¸® ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 26¼¼). ¿øÀÚ¹øÈ£¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÁÖ±âÀ²Ç¥ Á¦ÀÛ.
·¯¼¿(Henry Norris Russell, 1877.10.25~1957.2.18, ´ç½Ã 36¼¼) Hertzsprung-Russell diagram ¹ßÇ¥. Ç츣Ã÷½ºÇÁ·î (Ejnarr Hertzsprung, 1873.10.8~1967.10.21)

½´Å¸¸£Å© (Johannes Stark, 1874.4.15~1957.6.21) ¼ö¼Ò¿øÀÚ¿¡¼­ ½´Å¸¸£Å© È¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). 1919³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
ÇϹö(Fritz Haber, 1868.12.9~1934.1.29)¿Í º¸½´(Carl Bosch, 1874.8.27~1940.4.26, ´ç½Ã 39¼¼): ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ´ë·®»ý»ê¹ý (ÇϹö-º¸½´¹ý) °³¹ß.
º£¸£±â¿ì½º (Friedrich Bergius, 1884.10.11~1949.3.30) °í¾Ð¿¡¼­ ¼®Åº¿¡ ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ °¡ÇÏ¿© ¾×È­½ÃÅ´(Àΰø¼®À¯, º£¸£±â¿ì½º¹ý, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼). 1931³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
¾Ï½ºÆ®·Õ (Edwin Howard Armstrong, 1890.12.18~1954.1.31) ¹Ù·Î µÇ¸ÔÀÓ(positive feedback) ȸ·Î ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 23¼¼).
Æäºê¸® (Maurice Paul Auguste Charles Fabry, 1867.6.11~1945.12.11) ¿ÀÁ¸Ãþ(Ozone layer) ¹ß°ß.
1914³â
7¿ù 28ÀÏ: Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü(~1918.11.11)
8¿ù 15ÀÏ: Æijª¸¶ ¿îÇÏ(Panama Canal) °³Åë
1915³â
µð¹ÙÀÌ (Peter Joseph William Debye, 1884.3.24~1966.11.2, ´ç½Ã 31¼¼, 1936³â ³ëº§È­Çлó)¿Í ¼Î·¯(Paul Sherrer, 1890.2.3~1969.9.25):X¼± ºÐ¸»È¸Àý¹ý ¹ß¸í.
11¿ù 25ÀÏ: ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18) ÀϹݻó´ë·ÐÀ» ÇÁ·ÎÀ̼¾ °úÇоÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì¿¡ Á¦Ãâ(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
ÅýÆ®(Frederick William Twort, 1877.10.22~1950.3.20, ´ç½Ã 38¼¼))¿Í µ¥·¼(Felix d'Herell, ~) ¹ÚÅ׸®¿À ÆÄÁö ¹ß°ß.
³úÅÍ(Amalie Emmy Noether, 1882.3.23~1935.4.14) ³úÅÍ Á¤¸®("´ëĪ¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é º¸Á¸¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù") Áõ¸í(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
1916³â
ÁøÁî (James Hopwood Jeans, 1877.9.11~1946.9.16) žç°è Çü¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¶¼®¼³(Tidal hypothesis) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 39¼¼).
Á»¸ÓÆçÆ® (Arnold Sommerfeld, 1868.12.5~1951.4.26) Á»¸ÓÆçÆ® ¾çÀÚÈ­ Á¦¾È.
Å縸(Richard Chase Tolman, 1881.3.4~1948.9.5, ´ç½Ã 35¼¼)°ú ½ºÆ©¾îÆ®(Thomas Dale Stewart, 1890.8.14~1958.2.6, ´ç½Ã 26¼¼): ±Ý¼ÓÀ» °¡¼Ó½ÃÄ×À» ¶§ À¯µµµÇ´Â ÀüÀ§Â÷·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÀüÇÏ¿Í Áú·® ºñ ÃøÁ¤.
¹Ð¸®ÄÁ (Robert Andrews Millikan, 1868.3.22~1953.12.19) ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ±¤·®ÀÚ¼³ E=hf¸¦ ½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î Áõ¸í.
¼Ò½¬¸£(Ferdinand de Saussure, 1857.11.26~1913.2.22)ÀÇ "ÀϹݾð¾îÇÐ °­ÀÇ" Ãâ°£. ±¸Á¶ÁÖÀÇ(Ï°ðãñ«ëù structuralism) Ãâ¹ßÁ¡.
1917³â
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18) À¯µµ¹æÃâ ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18) Planck Èæü º¹»ç °ø½Ä À¯µµ (´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
¿¦½ºÅ¸ÀÎ (Paul Sophus Epstein, 1883.3.20~1966.2.8) Stark È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸í(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).
ÇÁ·ÎÀ̵å (Sigmund Freud, 1856.5.6~1939.9.23) "Á¤½ÅºÐ¼®ÀÔ¹®" Ãâ°£.
·¯½Ã¾Æ 10¿ù Çõ¸í, ·¹´Ñ(Vladimir Ilich Lenin, 1870.4.22~1924.1.21) Áý±Ç.
1918³â
ÇÑ (Otto Hahn, 1879.3.8~1968.7.28, ´ç½Ã 39¼¼)°ú ¸¶ÀÌÆ®³Ê(Lise Meitner, 1878.11.7~1968.10.27, ´ç½Ã 40¼¼): ÇÁ·ÎŹƼ´½ (Pa) ¹ß°ß.
ÇǼÅ(Ronald Aylmer Fisher, 1890.2.17~1962.7.29) ´ÙÀ©ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬¼±Åðú ¸àµ¨ÀÇ À¯ÀüÇÐÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÏ¿© Á¾ÇÕÁøÈ­¼³(Evolutionary Synthesis) ½ÃÀÛ(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
1919³â
5¿ù 29ÀÏ: ¿¡µùÅÏ(Arthur Stanley Eddington, 1882.12.28~1944.11.22, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼)°ú Å©·Î¸á¸°(Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin, 1865.2.6~1939.9.20): °³±âÀÏ½Ä °üÂû·Î ÀϹݻó´ë·Ð Áõ¸í.
·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19) ÀΰøÇÙº¯È¯ ¹ß°ß(Áú¼Ò+¾ËÆÄ -> »ê¼Ò+¼ö¼Ò)ÇÏ°í ¾ç¼ºÀÚ(¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¿øÀÚÇÙ) ¹ß°ß.
¾Ö½ºÅÏ (Francis William Aston, 1877.9.1~1945.11.20) Áú·®ºÐ¼®±â¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯°¡Áö µ¿À§¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÔ. 1922³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
¹Ù¸£Æ® (Karl Barth, 1886.5.10~1968.12.9) "·Î¸¶¼­ÁÖÇØ" Ãâ°£. Ä®¹ðÀÇ ÀÌÁß¿¹Á¤¼³ ºñÆÇ. ¿¹¼ö Áß½ÉÀÇ ±¸¿ø¿¹Á¤¼³ ÁÖÀå.
1921³â
1¿ù 21ÀÏ: º¸¾î (Niels Henrik David Bohr, 1885.10.7~1962.11.18) ÄÚÆæÇÏ°Õ À̷й°¸® ¿¬±¸¼Ò ¼³¸³.
ÄÞÇÁÅÏ (Arthur Holly Compton, 1892.9.10~1962.3.15) ÄÞÇÁÅϽÇÇè ³í¹®¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 29¼¼). photonÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» óÀ½ »ç¿ë. 1927³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).

¶õµ¥ (Alfred Lande, 1888.12.13~1976.10.30) ¶õµ¥ g ÀÎÀÚ °è»ê. ½ºÇÉ-±Ëµµ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÀÛ¿ëÀ» º¸¿©ÁÜ(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).

¾Èâ³²(äÌóãÑû, 1901.3.19~1930.4.2) ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊ·Î 3µî ºñÇà»ç ¸éÇã ȹµæ(´ç½Ã20¼¼).
1922³â

 
½´Å׸¥ (Otto Stern, 1888.2.17~1969.8.17, ´ç½Ã 34¼¼, 1943³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó)°ú °Ô¸¦¶óÈå (Walther Gerlach, 1889.8.1~1979.8.10, ´ç½Ã 33¼¼): Àº(Ag)¿øÀÚ·Î ½´Å׸¥-°Ô¸¦¶óÈå½ÇÇè (Stern-Gerlach experiment)
Ç캣½Ã(George Charles de Hevesy, 1885.8.1~1966.7.5, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼, 1943³â ³ëº§È­Çлó,¹æ»ç´É¿ø¼ÒÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °øÇå ¶§¹®)¿Í ÄÚ½ºÅÍ(Dirk Coster, 1889.10.5~1950.2.12, ´ç½Ã 33¼¼): º¸¾îÀÇ ¿øÀÚ·ÐÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÏÇÁ´½(Hf) ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í À̸§ºÙÀÓ(ÄÚÆæÇÏ°ÕÀÇ ¶óƾ¸í, 'Ç×±¸'¶ó´Â ¶æ).
6¿ù12ÀÏ~22ÀÏ: ±«ÆðմëÇп¡¼­ º¸¾î ÃàÁ¦(Bohr Festival).
ºê·¡Å¶ (Frederick Sumner Brackett, 1896.8.1~1972.) ¼ö¼Ò ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼­ ºê·¡Å¶ °è¿­(n --> 4) ¹ß°ß (´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
¿ÀÆĸ° (Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin, 1894.3.2~1980.4.21) È­ÇÐÁøÈ­·Ð(Chemical evolution) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
¹Ìµå±Û¸®(Thomas Midgley, 1889.5.18~1944.11.2) tetraethyl lead Pb(Ch2Ch3)4°¡ °¡¼Ö¸° ¿£ÁøÀÇ ³ëÅ·(knocking) ¹æÁöÈ¿°ú ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ(Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, 1889.4.26~1951.4.29) "³í¸®Ã¶ÇÐ ³í°í(Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã33¼¼). "¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ħ¹¬ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù". "ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ±×¸²ÀÌ´Ù".
12¿ù 10ÀÏ: ¾Èâ³²(äÌóãÑû, 1901.3.19~1930.4.2) ¿©Àǵµ¿¡¼­ ±Ý°­È£¸¦ Ÿ°í ÃÖÃÊ·Î ºñÇà.
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µåºê·ÎÀÌ (Louis Victor de Broglie, 1892.8.15~1987.3.19) ¹°ÁúÆÄ ³í¹® ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 31»ì). 1929³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
º¸½º (Satyendra Nath Bose, 1894.1.1~1974.2.4) »õ·Î¿î Åë°è¹ýÄ¢À» ½á¼­ Planck º¹»ç¹ýÄ¢ À¯µµ (´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
1924³â

ÆĿ︮ (Wolfgang Pauli, 1900.4.25~1958.12.15) ¹èŸ¿ø¸® ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 24¼¼). 1945³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 45¼¼).
¾ÖÇÃÅÏ (Edward Victor Appleton, 1892.9.6~1965.4.21) ·¹ÀÌ´õ(radar)ÀÇ ±âº» ¿ø¸®À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Äɳڸ®-Çìºñ»çÀ̵å Àü¸®ÃþÀ» ½ÇÁõ(´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
¶óÀ̽º (Chester W. Rice)¿Í ÄÌ·Î±× (Edward Washburn Kellogg, 1880~1953) ½ºÇÇÄ¿(Loudspeaker) ¹ß¸í(General Electric»ç).
¶óÆ÷¸£Å× (Otto Laporte, 1902.7.23~1971.3.28) ºÐ±¤Çп¡¼­ ¶óÆ÷¸£Å× ±ÔÄ¢(Laporte rule) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 22¼¼).
ÀÌ¡ (Ernst Ising, 1900.5.10~1998.5.11, 98³â »ýÁ¸) ÀÌ¡¸ðµ¨(Ising Model) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).
ºí·¡Å¶(Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, 1897.11.18~1974.7.13) Àª½¼ÀÇ ¾È°³»óÀÚ·Î (Áú¼Ò+¾ËÆÄ -> »ê¼Ò+¼ö¼Ò) »çÁø ÃÔ¿µ(´ç½Ã 27¼¼). 1948³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
°¡ÀÌ°Å(Hans Geiger, 1882.9.30~1945.9.24)¿Í º¸µ¥(Walther Bothe, 1891.1.8~1957.2.8, ´ç½Ã33¼¼): µ¿½Ã °è¼ö±â(Coincidence Counter) ¹ß¸í.
ǬƮ (August Hermann Pfund, 1879.12.28~1949) ¼ö¼Ò ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ Ç¬Æ® °è¿­(n --> 5) ¹ß°ß.
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18) º¸½º-¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ Åë°è Á¦¾È.

½½·¹ÀÌÅÍ(John Clarke Slater, 1900.12.22~1976.7.25) °¡»ó Áøµ¿ÀÚ °³³ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 24¼¼).
4¿ù: °¡ÀÌ°Å(Hans Geiger, 1882.9.30~1945.9.24)¿Í º¸µ¥(Walther Bothe, 1891.1.8~1957.2.8, ´ç½Ã33¼¼): µ¿½Ã °è¼ö±â(Coincidence Counter)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ±¤·®ÀÚ¼³ È®Áõ.
ÇÊÁî(John Charles Fields, 1863.5.14~1932.8.9) Åä·ÐÅä ±¹Á¦ ¼öÇÐÀÚ ´ëȸ(ICM)¿¡¼­ ÇÊÁî»ó Á¦Á¤.
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ÇÏÀÌÁ¨º£¸£±× (Werner Karl Heisenberg, 1901.12.5~1976.2.1) Çà·Ä¿ªÇÐ ¿Ï¼º(´ç½Ã 24¼¼). 1932³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
¿ï·»º¤(George Eugene Uhlenbeck, 1900.12.6~1988.10.31, ´ç½Ã 25¼¼)°ú °í¿ìÆ®½º¹ÌÆ®(Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, 1902.7.11~1978.12.4, ´ç½Ã 23¼¼): ÀüÀÚÀÇ ½ºÇÉ(spin)¼³ Á¦¾È.

ÈÆÆ® (Friedrich Hermann Hund, 1896.2.4~1997.3.31, 101³â µ¿¾È »ýÁ¸) ÈÆÆ®±ÔÄ¢ ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).

ÆäÀÎ (Cecilia Helena Payne, 1900.5.10~1979.12.7) žçÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐ ¼ö¼Ò·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀ» º¸ÀÓ(´ç½Ã 25¼¼).
·¯¼¿(Henry Norris Russell, 1877.10.25~1957.2.18)°ú ¼Õ´õ½º(Frederick Albert Saunders, 1875.8.18~1963.6.9): ·¯¼¿-¼Õ´õ½º °áÇÕ Á¦¾È.
¿ÀÁ¦ (Pierre Victor Auger, 1899.5.14~1993.12.25) ¿ÀÁ¦ È¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
´ÙÆ® (Raymond Arthur Dart, 1893.2.4~1988.11.22) ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö·Î ÇÇÅ×Äí½º(Australopithecus africanus) È­¼® ¹ß°ß.
¹öÆ®(Edwin Arthur Burtt, 1892.4.26~1989.10.11) "±Ù´ë ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀû ±â¹Ý(The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science)" Ãâ°£. "½ÅÇöóÅæ öÇÐÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ±Ù´ë°úÇÐ ¼º¸³¿¡ ±â¿©".
È­ÀÌÆ®Çìµå(Alfred North Whitehead, 1861.2.15~1947.12.30) "°úÇаú ±Ù´ë ¼¼°è (Science and Modern World)" Ãâ°£. À¯±âü öÇÐ ÁÖÀå.
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½´·Úµù°Å (Erwin Schrödinger, 1887.8.12-1961.1.4) Æĵ¿¿ªÇÐ ¿Ï¼º(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ÆļÓ(wave packet)À¸·Î Çؼ®. 1933³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
·Î·»Ã÷ (Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, 1853.7.18~1928.2.4) ½¬·Úµù°Å ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀº ¼ö¼Ò ¿øÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÆļÓÀÌ ÆÛÁ® ³ª°¡´Â(spread out) °á°ú¸¦ ÁØ´Ù°í ºñÆÇ.

10¿ù: º¸¸¥ (Max Born, 1882.12.11~1970.1.5) Æĵ¿ÇÔ¼öÀÇ Åë°èÀû Çؼ® Á¦¾È. 1954³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.

Æ丣¹Ì (Enrico Fermi, 1901.9.29~1954.11.28) Æ丣¹Ì-µð¶ô Åë°è Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 25¼¼).
ÇÏÀÌÁ¨º£¸£±× (Werner Karl Heisenberg, 1901.12.5~1976.2.1) °ÅÀÇ Âù ¿øÀÚ²®ÁúÀ» ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±¸¸Û(hole)°³³ä µµÀÔ.
º¥Ã¿ (Gregor Wentzel, 1898.2.17~1978, ´ç½Ã 28¼¼), Å©¶ó¸Þ¸£½º(Hendrik Antony Kramers, 1894.12.17~1952.4.2, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼), ºê¸®¿ì¿¨ (Leon Nicolas Brillouin, 1889.8.7~1969.10.4, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼): WKB(Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) ±Ù»ç¹æ¹ý °í¾È.
ÇÁ¶ûÅ©(James Franck, 1882.8.26~1964.5.21, 1925³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó ¼öÀåÀÚ)¿Í Äܵç(Edward Ulich Condon, 1902.3.2~1974.3.26, New MexicoÁÖ AlmagordoÃâ»ý, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼): Berkeley´ëÇÐ ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§³í¹®¿¡¼­ Franck-Condon ¿ø¸®(ÀüÀÚÀÇ Áøµ¿°ú ÇÙÀÇ Áøµ¿Àº ºÐ¸®°¡´É) Á¦¾È.
³ëÅÏ(Edward Lawry Norton, 1898.7.28~1983.1.28) ³ëÅÏ µî°¡È¸·Î(Norton Equivalent Circuit) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã28¼¼).
Ŭ¶óÀÎ(Oskar Klein, 1894.9.15~1977.2.5, ´ç½Ã32¼¼)°ú °íµ·(Walter Gordon,1893.8.3~1939.12.24, ´ç½Ã33¼¼): Klein-Gordon ¹æÁ¤½Ä Á¦¾È.
º¼Å© (Louis Bolk, 1866.12.10~1930.6.17) Àΰ£Àº ¿µÀå·ùÀÇ ¾î¸° ¸ð½ÀÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ÁøÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â žÆÈ­ ÀÌ·Ð(fetalization theory) Á¦½Ã.
1927³â
3¿ù µ¥À̺ñ½¼ (Clinton Joseph Davisson, 1881.10.22~1958.2.1, 1937³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó), Àú¸Ó(Lester Halbert Germer, 1896.10.10~1971.10.3, ´ç½Ã 31¼¼) ´ÏÄÌ ´Ü°áÁ¤(single crystal)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÀüÀÚ È¸Àý ½ÇÇè.
11¿ù Åè½¼ (George Paget Thomson, 1892.5.3~1975.9.10) ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½, ±Ý, ¼¿·ê·ÎÀÌµå µîÀÇ ºÐ¸»(powder)¿¡¼­ ÀüÀÚ È¸Àý »çÁø ¾òÀ½(´ç½Ã 35¼¼). 1937³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 45¼¼).
¾ÖÇÃÅÏ (Edward Victor Appleton, 1892.9.6~1965.4.21) ´ë±âÃþÀÇ ¾ÖÇÃÅÏ Ãþ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 35¼¼). 1947³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
ÇÏÀÌÁ¨º£¸£±× (Werner Karl Heisenberg, 1901.12.5~1976.2.1) ºÒÈ®Á¤¼º ¿ø¸® Á¦Ã¢(´ç½Ã 26¼¼).
9¿ù 11ÀÏ~20ÀÏ: º¼Å¸(Volta) ¼­°Å 100Áֳ⠱â³ä ÇÐȸ in Como. Bohr »óº¸¼º¿ø¸® Á¦Ã¢.

10¿ù 24ÀÏ~29ÀÏ: Á¦5ȸ Solvay Conference in Brussels, Belgium.
ÇÏÀÌƲ·¯(Walter Heinrich Heitler, 1904.1.2~1981.11.15, ´ç½Ã 23¼¼)¿Í ·±´ø (Fritz Wolfgang London, 1900.3.7~1954.3.24, ´ç½Ã 27¼¼) È­ÇаáÇÕ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÏÀÌƲ·¯-·±´ø ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥.
¸£¸ÞÆ®¸£ (Abbe Georges Edouard Lemaitre, 1894.7.17~1966.6.20) ÆØâ ¿ìÁÖ·Ð Á¦¾È(Big Bang theory, ´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
º¸¸¥ (Max Born, 1882.12.11~1970.1.5)¿Í ¿ÀÆæÇÏÀ̸Ó(John Robert Oppenheimer, 1904.4.22~1967.2.18, ´ç½Ã 23¼¼): ÀüÀÚ-Æ÷³í »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡¼­ ´Ü¿­±Ù»ç(Adiabatic Approximation) µµÀÔ(Ann. Phys. V.84, p.457).
12¿ù: ȨÁî (Arthur Holmes, 1890.1.4~1965.9.20) ¿¡µç¹ö·¯ ÁöÁúÇÐȸ¿¡¼­ "´ë·úÀ̵¿ÀÇ ¿øµ¿·ÂÀº ¹æ»ç´É Çٺر« ¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ÇƲ´ë·ù"¶ó°í ÁÖÀå(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
ºí·¢(Harold Stephen Black, 1898.4.14~1983.12.11) °Å²Ù·Î µÇ¸ÔÀÓ(negative feedback) ȸ·Î ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã29¼¼).
ÇÏÀ̵¥°Å(Martin Heidegger, 1889.9.26~1976.5.26) "Á¸Àç¿Í ½Ã°£(Being and Time)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
½ÃÁöÀ¨(Nevil Vincent Sidgwick, 1873.5.8~1952.3.15) ¹èÀ§°áÇÕ ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
1928³â

µð·¢ (Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, 1902.8.8~1984.10.20) »ó´ë·ÐÀû Æĵ¿¹æÁ¤½Ä µð·¢ ¹æÁ¤½Ä ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 26¼¼). 1933³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
Ç÷¹¹Ö (Alexander Fleming, 1881.8.6~1955.3.11) Æä´Ï½Ç¸° ¹ß°ß. 1945³â ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó.
ÇÏÀÌÁ¨º£¸£±× (Werner Karl Heisenberg, 1901.12.5~1976.2.1) ÀÚ¼ºÃ¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÁ¨º£¸£±× ¸ðÇü Á¦¾È.
°¡¸ðºê (George Anthony Gamow, 1904.3.4~1968.8.19, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼), °Å´Ï(Ronald Wilfred Gurney, 1898~1953.4.15, ´ç½Ã 30¼¼), Äܵç(Edward Ulich Condon, 1902.3.2~1974.3.26, New MexicoÁÖ AlmagordoÃâ»ý, ´ç½Ã 26¼¼): Åõ°ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾ËÆÄ ºØ±« ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
ÈÖƲ (Frank Whittle, 1907.7.1~1996.8.9) ³í¹® "Future developments in aircraft design"¿¡¼­ Jet ¿£Áø Á¦¾È (´ç½Ã 21¼¼).
¹Ìµå±Û¸®(Thomas Midgley, 1889.5.18~1944.11.2) ÇÁ·¹¿Â(Freon, CFC, ¿°È­ºÒȭź¼Ò, chloro-fluorocarbon) °¡½º ¹ß¸í.
³ëÀ̸¸(John von Neumann, 1903.12.28~1957.2.8) "°ÔÀÓÀÌ·Ð(Game Theory)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã25¼¼). ÃÖ¼ÒÃÖ´ë(Minimax principle) Àü·«.
Èúº£¸£Æ®(David Hilbert, 1862.1.23~1943.2.14) º¼·Î³Ä ±¹Á¦ ¼öÇÐÀÚ ´ëȸ(ICM, International Congress of Mathematicians)¿¡¼­ "ÀþÀº ¼öÇÐ ¼¼´ë¸¦ À§ÇÑ °úÁ¦" 4°³ ¹®Á¦ Á¦½Ã.
1929³â
Çãºí (Edwin Powell Hubble, 1889.11.20~1953.9.8) ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ÆØâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇãºíÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ ¹ß°ß.
10¿ù 24ÀÏ: ´ë°øȲ (Great Depression) ½ÃÀÛ(~1933).
½½·¹ÀÌÅÍ(John Clarke Slater, 1900.12.22~1976.7.25) ½½·¹ÀÌÅÍ Çà·Ä½Ä(Slater determinant) °í¾È(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
ºÐ°Õº£¸£±×(Hendrik Gerard Bungenberg de Jong, 1893.5.27~1977.5.7, ´ç½Ã 36¼¼)¿Í Å©·ùÀÌÆ®(H. R. Kruyt): coacervate¶ó°í ¸í¸í.
·¯´õÆÛµå (Ernest Rutherford, 1871.8.30~1937.10.19) ¿ì¶ó´½ µ¿À§¿ø¼Ò U235, U238°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» º¸ÀÓ. À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Áö±¸ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ ÃøÁ¤(34¾ï³â).
»þ¸£´ó (Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 1881.5.1~1955.4.10) ºÏ°æ ¿øÀÎ ¹ß±¼. À¯½Å·ÐÀû ÁøÈ­·Ð ÁÖÀå.
ÆÄÀ̾ó½º(Rudolf Ernst Peierls, 1907.6.5~1995.9.19, ´ç½Ã22¼¼): °íüÀÇ ¿­Àüµµ¿¡¼­ Umklap Process ¹ß°ß.
1930³â
Landau's group in Moskow (1956)
Back row (left to right): S.S. Gershtein, L.P. Pitaevskii, L.A. Vainshtein, R.G. Arkhipov, I.E. Dzyaloshinskii.
Front row (left to right): L.A. Prozorova, A.A. Abrikosov, I.M. Khalatnikov, L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz
¶õ´Ù¿ì (Lev Davidovich Landau, 1908.1.22~1968.4.1) ¶õ´Ù¿ì ¹ÝÀÚ¼º(Landau Diamagnetism) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 22¼¼).
·Î·»½º(Ernest Orlando Lawrence, 1901.8.8~1958.8.27): ÀÔÀÚ°¡¼Ó±â »çÀÌŬ·ÎÆ®·Ð(Cyclotron) ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 29¼¼). 1939³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
ÆĿ︮ (Wolfgang Pauli, 1900.4.25~1958.12.15) Áß¼º¹ÌÀÚ(neutrino)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 30¼¼). Pauli´Â neutronÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·¶Áö¸¸ Fermi°¡ neutrino¶ó°í À̸§ºÙÀÓ.
10¿ù: Á¦6ȸ Solvay Conference in Brussels, Belgium.
 
µåÇϽº(Wander Johannes De Haas, 1878.3.2~1960.4.26)¿Í ¹Ý¾ËÆæ(P. M. van Alphen, 1906~1967, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼): Bi´Ü°áÁ¤¿¡¼­ µåÇϽº-¹Ý¾ËÆæ È¿°ú ¹ß°ß.
·Î¾¾(Bruno Benedetto Rossi, 1905.4.13~1993.11.21) Áø°ø°üÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µ¿½Ã °è¼ö±â(Coincidence Counter) ¹ß¸í.
º¸µ¥(Walther Bothe, 1891.1.8~1957.2.8)¿Í º¤Ä¿(Herbert Becker, ) ÇÙ¹ÝÀÀ (Be(4)+¾ËÆÄ(2,4) -> C(6)+n)À¸·Î Áß¼ºÀÚ ¹ß°ß (´ç½Ã¿¡´Â °­ÇÑ °¨¸¶¼±À̶ó°í ¿©±è).
ÇǼÅ(Ronald Aylmer Fisher, 1890.2.17~1962.7.29) "ÀÚ¿¬¼±ÅÃÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÌ·Ð" Ãâ°£. "ÁøÈ­¶õ À¯ÀüÀÚ ºóµµÀÇ º¯È­".
1¿ù: Å躸(Clyde William Tombaugh, 1906.2.4~1997.1.17) ¸í¿Õ¼º(Pluto) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã24¼¼). ½½¶óÀÌÆÛ(Vesto Melvin Slipher, 1875.11.11~1969.11.8)´Â ´ç½Ã ·ÎÀ£ õ¹®´ë(Lowell Observatory)ÀÇ ´ëÀå(director).
ÇÁ·ÎÀ̵å (Sigmund Freud, 1856.5.6~1939.9.23) "¹®¸í ¼ÓÀÇ ºÒ¸¸(Civilization and Its Discontents)" Ãâ°£. 'Àΰ£Àº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î À̱âÀûÀÌ°í °ø°ÝÀû'(¼º¾Ç¼³).
1931³â
±«µ¨ (Kurt Gödel, 1906.4.28~1978.1.14) ³í¹® "¼öÇпø¸®¿Í °ü·Ãü°èµéÀÇ Çü½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸íÁ¦µé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©(On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related systems)"¿¡¼­ ºÒ¿ÏÀü¼º Á¤¸®(Incompleteness theorem) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 25¼¼). "ÂüÀÌÁö¸¸ Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸íÁ¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù".
¹Ì±¹ ÅÚ·¹ºñÁ¯ ½ÃÇè¹æ¼Û.
ºÎÅ׳­Æ® (Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, 1903.3.24~1995.1.18) ³²¼ºÈ£¸£¸ó ¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ׷аú ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸ó ÇÁ·Î°Ô½ºÅ×·ÐÀ» ÃßÃâ(´ç½Ã 28¼¼). 1939³â ³ëº§È­Çлó(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
ÇÑÄ¡Áø(ùÛöÃòÉ, 1901~) "³í¸®ÇÐ °³·Ð" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã30¼¼). ±Í³³¹ý ¼Ò°³.
Å©³î(Max Knoll, 1897.7.17~1969.11.6, ´ç½Ã34¼¼)°ú ·ç½ºÄ«(Ernst August Friedrich Ruska, 1906.12.25~1988.5.27, ´ç½Ã25¼¼, 1986³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó): ÀüÀÚ Çö¹Ì°æ(TEM, Transmission Electron Microscope) ¹ß¸í(¹èÀ² 17.4).
1932³â

äµåÀ¨ (James Chadwick, 1891.10.20~1974.7.24) Áß¼ºÀÚ ¹ß°ß. 1935³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¾Ø´õ½¼ (Carl David Anderson, 1905.9.3~1991.11.11) Dirac¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿¹¾ðµÈ ¾çÀüÀÚ(Positron) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 27¼¼). 1936³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
À¯¸® (Harold Clayton Urey, 1893.4.29~1981.1.5)Áß¼ö¼Ò(Heavy Hydrogen) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). 1934³â ³ëº§È­Çлó(´ç½Ã 41¼¼).
ÄÚÅ©·ÎÇÁÆ®(John Douglas Cockcroft, 1897.5.27~1967.9.18, ´ç½Ã 35¼¼)¿Í ¿ùÅÏ(Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, 1903.10.6~1995.6.25, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼): ¾ç¼ºÀÚ °¡¼ÓÀåÄ¡¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀΰøÇÙº¯È¯ Li+p=He. 1951³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
À齺Ű (Karl Guthe Jansky, 1905.10.22~1950.2.14) ¼º°£ °¡½º¿¡¼­ radio wave ¹æÃâÀ» °üÂû(´ç½Ã 27¼¼). ÀüÆÄõ¹®ÇÐÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀü.
Ȧµ¥ÀÎ (John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, 1892.11.5~1964.12.1) "ÁøÈ­ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(The Causes of Evolution)" Ãâ°£. Ç÷¿¬°ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌŸÁÖÀÇ.
8¿ù 15ÀÏ: º¸¾î (Niels Henrik David Bohr, 1885.10.7~1962.11.18) "ºû°ú »ý¸í"¿¡ °üÇØ ¿¬¼³.
1933³â
1¿ù 30ÀÏ: È÷Ʋ·¯(Adolf Hitler, 1889.4.20~1945.4.30) µ¶ÀÏ ÃÑÅëÃëÀÓ.
¾Ï½ºÆ®·Õ (Edwin Howard Armstrong, 1890.12.18~1954.1.31) FM ¹æ¼Û¹æ½Ä ¹ß¸í.

¸¶À̽º³Ê(Karl Walther Meissner, 1882~1974)¿Í ¿ÁÁ¨ÆçÆ®(Robert Ochsenfeld, 1901~1993, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼): ¸¶À̽º³Ê È¿°ú ¹ß°ß.
ºí·¡Å¶(Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, 1897.11.18~1974.7.13)¿Í ¿ÀÅ°¾Ë¸®´Ï(Giuseppe Occhialini, 1907~1993.12.30, ´ç½Ã 26¼¼) ÀüÀÚ-¾çÀüÀÚ ½Ö»ý¼º°ú ½Ö¼Ò¸ê °üÂû.
ÄÚÁý½ºÅ° (Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski, 1879.7.3~1950.3.1) "°úÇаú Á¤±â(Science and Sanity, An Introduction to Nonaristotelian Systems and General Semantics)" Ãâ°£. ÀϹÝÀǹ̷Ð(General Semantics) Á¦Ã¢. ºñµ¿Àϼº¹ýÄ¢(Law of non-identity),
½´Å׸¥ (Otto Stern, 1888.2.17~1969.8.17, 1943³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó): ¾ç¼ºÀÚÀÇ ÀÚ±â¸ð¸àÆ® ÃøÁ¤.
À§±×³Ê(Eugene Paul Wigner, 1902.11.7~1995.1.1, ´ç½Ã31¼¼)¿Í ÀÚÀÌÃ÷(Frederiks Seitz, 1911.7.4~, ´ç½Ã22¼¼): À§±×³Ê-ÀÚÀÌÃ÷ ¹æ¹ý Á¦¾È.
1934³â

Á¹¸®¿À-Äû¸® ºÎºÎ(Frederic Joliot-Curie, 1900.3.19~1958.8.14, ´ç½Ã 34¼¼, and Irene Joliot-Curie, 1897.9.12~1956.3.17, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼) ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½¿¡¼­ Àΰø ÇÙº¯È¯ ¹ß°ß. 1935³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
Æ丣¹Ì (Enrico Fermi, 1901.9.29~1954.11.28) Áß¼ºÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Àΰø ÇÙº¯È¯ ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 33¼¼). ¾à·ÂÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ º£Å¸ºØ±« ÀÌ·Ð. 1938³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).

À¯Ä«¿Í È÷µ¥³¢(Yukawa Hideki, ÷·ô¹â³â§ ÅÁõ¼ö¼ö, 1907.1.23~1981.9.8) Çٷ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áß°£ÀÚ ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 27¼¼). 1949³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 42¼¼).
Á¦³Ê (Clarence Melvin Zener, 1905.12.1~1993.7.15) ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¿¡¼­ ÅͳÎÈ¿°ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¦³Ê Ç׺¹ (Zener breakdown) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 29¼¼).
ÅäÀκñ (Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889.4.14~1975.10.22) "¿ª»çÀÇ ¿¬±¸" óÀ½ ¹ßÇ¥.
Æ÷ÆÛ (Karl Raimund Popper, 1902.7.28~1994.9.14) "°úÇÐÀû ¹ß°ßÀÇ ³í¸®(The Logic of Scientific Discovery)" (µ¶ÀϾî) Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã32¼¼). °úÇÐÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¹ÝÁõ°¡´É¼º(Falsifiability) ÁÖÀå. "±Í³³(induction)Àº ¾ø´Ù."
1935³â
·±´ø (Fritz Wolfgang London, 1900.3.7~1954.3.24) ÃÊÀüµµÃ¼¿¡ °üÇÑ ·±´ø ¹æÁ¤½Ä À¯µµ(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
½ºÅĸ® (Wendell Meredith Stanley, 1904.8.16~1971.7.15) ´ã¹è ¸ðÀÚÀÌÅ© º´ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °áÁ¤À» ¾òÀ½(´ç½Ã 31¼¼). 1946³â ³ëº§ È­Çлó.
¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18), Æ÷µ¹½ºÅ°(Boris Podolsky, 1896~1966, ´ç½Ã39¼¼), ·ÎÁ¨(Nathan Rosen, 1909.3.22~1995.12.18, ´ç½Ã26¼¼): EPR ¿ª¼³(paradox) Á¦¾È.
ü·»ÄÚÇÁ(Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov, 1904.7.28~1990.1.6): ü·»ÄÚÇÁ º¹»ç(Cerenkov radiation) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã31¼¼). 1958³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
1936³â
ºê¸®Áö¸Õ (Percy Williams Bridgman, 1882.4.21~1961.8.20) "¹°¸®ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ º»¼º(The Nature of Physical Theory)"¿¡¼­ Á¶ÀÛÁÖÀÇ(Operationalism) Á¦¾È.
¿ÀÆĸ° (Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin, 1894.3.2~1980.4.21) "»ý¸íÀÇ ±â¿ø" Ãâ°£.
Æ©¸µ(Alan Mathison Turing, 1912.6.23~1954.6.7) Æ©¸µ¸Ó½Å Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã24¼¼).
1937³â
¾Ø´õ½¼ (Carl David Anderson, 1905.9.3~1991.11.11, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼)°ú ³×µ¥¸¶À̾î(Seth Henry Neddermeyer, 1907~1988, ´ç½Ã 30¼¼) ¹Â Áß°£ÀÚ ¹ß°ß(À¯°¡¿ÍÀÇ Áß°£ÀÚ·Î Âø°¢Çß¾úÀ½).
½½·¹ÀÌÅÍ(John Clarke Slater, 1900.12.22~1976.7.25) APW(Augmented Plane Wave) ¹æ¹ý °í¾È(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
Æ丮¿¡(Carlos Perrier)¿Í ¼¼±×·¹(Emilio Gino Segre, 1905.2.1~1989.4.22): ¸ô¸®ºêµ§(Mo)¿¡ Á߾缺ÀÚ(deuteron)À» Ãæµ¹½ÃÄÑ Å×Å©³×Ƭ(Tc, Technetium) »ý¼º.
µµºêÀܽºÅ° (Theodosius Dobzansky, 1900.1.25~1975.12.18) "À¯ÀüÇаú Á¾ÀÇ ±â¿ø" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã 37¼¼). ¼ÒÁøÈ­(á³òäûù, microevolution) ÀÌ·Ð. ÁøÈ­Á¾ÇÕ¼³.
1938³â
Ä«ÇÇÂ÷ (Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, 1894.7.8~1984.4.8) ¾×ü He4¿¡¼­ ÃÊÀ¯µ¿(superfluidity) Çö»ó ¹ß°ß. 1978³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
º£Å×(Hans Albrecht Bethe,1906.7.2~2005.3.6, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼, 1967³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó)¿Í ¹ÙÀÌÃ÷ÀçÄ¿(Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker, 1912.6.28~, ´ç½Ã 26¼¼): ž翡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÇÙÀ¶ÇÕ¼³ ¹ßÇ¥.
12¿ù: ÇÑ (Otto Hahn, 1879.3.8~1968.7.28, 1944³â ³ëº§È­Çлó)°ú ½´Æ®¶ó½º¸¸ (Fritz Strassmann, 1902.2.22~1980.4.22, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼) ¿ì¶ó´½ Çٺп­ ¹ß°ß. n+U(92,235) --> Ba(56,144)+Kr(36,89)+3n
¹è±Û¸®(William chandler Bagley, 1874.3.15~1946.7.1) '¹Ì±¹±³À° Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ º»ÁúÆÄ À§¿øȸ(The Essentialist Committee for the Advancement of American Education)'¸¦ °á¼º. º»ÁúÁÖÀÇ ±³À° °­Á¶.
1939³â
8¿ù 2ÀÏ: ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ (Albert Einstein, 1879.3.14~1955.4.18): ·çÁƮ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ÇÙ¹«±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ°íÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³¿.
9¿ù 1ÀÏ: µ¶ÀÏ, Æú¶õµå ħ°ø. Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü(~1945.8.15)
¶óºñ (Isidor Isaac Rabi, 1898.7.29~1988.1.11) ¶óºñÀÇ ½ÇÇè (Rabi's experiment)À¸·Î ¿øÀÚÀÇ ÇÙÀڱ⠸ð¸àÆ® ÃøÁ¤ --> NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). 1944³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
 
¿ÀÆæÇÏÀ̸Ó(John Robert Oppenheimer, 1904.4.22~1967.2.18, ´ç½Ã 35¼¼)¿Í º¼ÄÚÇÁ(George Michael Volkoff, 1914.2.23~2000.4.24, ´ç½Ã 25¼¼): Áß¼ºÀÚ¼º(neutron star)ÀÇ ¹Ðµµ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ÀÆæÇÏÀ̸Ó-º¼ÄÚÇÁ ÇÑ°è(Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit) Á¦¾È.
ÆÄ¿ï·¯(Ralph Howard Fowler,1889.1.17~1944.7.28) ¿Í ±¸°ÕÇÏÀÓ(Edward Armand Guggenheim, 1901~1970): ¿­¿ªÇÐ Á¦0¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È(A¿Í B ¿­ÆòÇü, B¿Í C¿­ÆòÇü --> A¿Í C ¿­ÆòÇü).
¹è¸®¾ð (Russell Harrison Varian, 1898.4.24~1959.7.28) Ŭ¶óÀ̽ºÆ®·Ð(klystron) ¹ß¸í.
1940³â
ÅÚ·¯ (Edward Teller, 1908.1.15~2003.9.9) ¼ö¼ÒÆøź Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 32¼¼).
°ñÆ®½´¹ÌÆ® (Richard Benedict Goldschmidt, 1878.4.12~1958.4.24) ´ëÁøÈ­(macroevolution) ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
ÇÁ¸®½´(Otto Frisch, 1904.10.1~1979.9.22, ´ç½Ã36¼¼)¿Í ÆÄÀ̾ó½º(Rudolf Ernst Peierls, 1907.6.5~1995.9.19, ´ç½Ã33¼¼): U235 ¿¬¼â¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ÀÓ°èÁú·® °è»ê.
1941³â
¶õ´Ù¿ì (Lev Davidovich Landau, 1908.1.22~1968.4.1) Çï·ýII¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 33¼¼). Á¦2À½ÆÄ(Second Sound). 1962³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 54¼¼).
ºñµé(George Wells Beadle, 1903.10.22~1989.6.9, ´ç½Ã38¼¼)°ú Å×ÀÌÅÒ(Edward Lawrie Tatum, 1909.12.14~1975.11.5, ´ç½Ã32¼¼): ÀÏÀ¯ÀüÀÚ ÀÏÈ¿¼Ò¼³(one gene one enzyme theory) Á¦¾È.
1942³â
12¿ù 2ÀÏ: Æ丣¹Ì (Enrico Fermi, 1901.9.29~1954.11.28) ÇÙ ¿¬¼â¹ÝÀÀ ½ÇÇö.
1943³â

µµ¸ð³ª°¡ ½ÅÀÌÄ¡·Î(¾Æ»ç³ª°¡¶ó°í ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù, Tomonaga Sinichiro, ðÈçµòÉìéÕÍ Á¶¿µÁøÀ϶û, 1906.3.31~1979.7.8) Ãʴٽð£ÀÌ·Ð(õ±ÒýãÁÊà×âÖå) ¹ßÇ¥(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
µ¨ºê·òÅ© (Max Delbrück, 1906.9.4~1981.3.9, ´ç½Ã37¼¼)°ú ·ç¸®¾Æ(Salvador Edward Luria, 1912.8.13~1991.2.6, ´ç½Ã31¼¼): ¼¼±ÕÀÇ À¯Àü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹ßÇ¥. ¼¼±ÕÀ¯ÀüÇÐÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÊ.
ÆÄÀÎ¸Õ (Richard Phillips Feynman, 1918.5.11~1988.2.15) ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹® "¾çÀÚ¿ªÇп¡¼­ ÃÖ¼ÒÀÛ¿ëÀÇ ¿ø¸®"¿¡¼­ ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐÀÇ °æ·ÎÀûºÐ¹ý Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã25¼¼).
1944³â
½¬·Úµù°Å (Erwin Schrödinger, 1887.8.12-1961.1.4) "»ý¸íÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?" Ãâ°£
¾Ö¹ö¸® (Oswald Theodore Avery, 1877.10.21~1955.2.20) ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ À¯Àü¹°ÁúÀÓÀº ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó DNAÀÓÀ» º¸ÀÓ.
¿Â»ç°Å (Lars Onsager, 1903.11.27~1976.10.4): 2Â÷¿ø ÀÌ¡ ¸ðÇüÀÇ ÇØ´äÀ» ±¸ÇÔ. 1968³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
³ëÀ̸¸(John von Neumann, 1903.12.28~1957.2.8)°ú ¸ð¸£°Õ½´Å׸¥(Oskar Morgenstern, 1902.1.24~1977.7.26): "°ÔÀÓÀ̷аú °æÁ¦Çൿ" Ãâ°£.
1945³â
¸ðŬ¸®(John Mauchly, )¿Í ¿¡Ä¿Æ®(John Presper Eckert Jr., 1919.4.9~1995.6.3, ´ç½Ã26¼¼): ÃÖÃÊ·Î Áø°ø°üÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °è»ê±â ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) °³¹ß.
³×µ¥¸¶À̾î (Seth Henry Neddermeyer, 1907~1988) Ç÷çÅä´½ ÇÙÆøź¿¡¼­ ³»ÆÄ(implosion) ¹æ½Ä Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 38¼¼).
7¿ù 16ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 5½Ã 29ºÐ: ¹Ì±¹ New MexicoÁÖ Alamogordo¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Ç÷çÅä´½ ¿øÀÚź ½ÇÇè.

8¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 8½Ã 15ºÐ: È÷·Î½Ã¸¶(ÎÆÓö)¿¡ ¿ì¶ó´½ ¿øÀÚÆøź(Little Boy) ÅõÇÏ.
8¿ù 9ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 11½Ã 2ºÐ: ³ª°¡»çÅ°(íþÐø)¿¡ Ç÷çÅä´½ ¿øÀÚÆøź(Fat Man) ÅõÇÏ.
¾ß½ºÆÛ½º (Karl Theodor Jaspers, 1883.2.23~1969.2.26) ÇÏÀ̵¨º£¸£Å© ´ëÇÐ ÃÑÀå ÃëÀÓ¿¬¼³¿¡¼­ ´ëÇÐÀÇ À̳ä "¿¬±¸, ±³À°, ºÀ»ç" õ¸í.
1946³â

ºí·ÎÈå (Felix Bloch, 1905.10.23~1983.9.10) ¿øÀÚÇÙÀÇ ÀÚ±â¸ð¸àÆ® ÃøÁ¤. 1952³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
Å×ÀÌÅÒ(Edward Lawrie Tatum, 1909.12.14~1975.11.5, ´ç½Ã37¼¼)°ú ·¹´õ¹ö±×(Joshua Lederberg, 1925.5.23~, ´ç½Ã21¼¼): ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ À¯¼º»ý½Ä ¹ß°ß. 1958³â ³ëº§»ý¸®ÀÇÇлó.
³ëÀ̸¸(John von Neumann, 1903.12.28~1957.2.8), ¿ï¶÷(Stanislaw Marcin Ulam, 1909.4.3~1984.5.13, ´ç½Ã37¼¼), ¸ÞÆ®·ÎÆú¸®½º(Nicholas Constantine Metropolis, 1915.6.11~1999.10.17, ´ç½Ã31¼¼): ¸óÅ×Ä«¸¦·Î ¹æ¹ý(Monte Carlo Method) °í¾È.
1947³â
µµ¸ð³ª°¡ ½ÅÀÌÄ¡·Î(¾Æ»ç³ª°¡¶ó°í ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù, Tomonaga Sinichiro, ðÈçµòÉìéÕÍ Á¶¿µÁøÀ϶û, 1906.3.31~1979.7.8) µµ¸ð³ª°¡-½´À®°Å Àç±Ô°ÝÈ­ ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥. 1965³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
À§³Ê (Norbert Wiener, 1894.11.26~1964.3.18) »çÀ̹ö³×ƽ½º(Cybernetics) â½Ã
°¡º¸ (Dennis Gabor, 1900.6.5~1979.2.8) Ȧ·Î±×·¡ÇÇ ¿ø¸® Á¦¾È. 1971³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
·¥(Willis Eugene Lamb, 1913.7.12~, ´ç½Ã34¼¼)°ú ·¹´õÆÛµå(Robert Retherford, 1912~): ¼ö¼Ò ¿øÀÚÀÇ ·¥À̵¿(Lamb Shift) ÃøÁ¤.
´ÜÂîÈ÷(George Bernard Dantzig, 1914.11.8~) Simplex ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¹æ¹ý °í¾È.
1948³â
 
¼îŬ¸® (William Bradford Shockley, 1910.2.13~1989.8.12), ¹Ùµò (John Bardeen, 1903.5.28~1991.1.30), ºê·¡Æ° (Walter Houser Brattain, 1902.2.10~1987.10.13) Transistor ¹ß¸í ( 1956³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó)
°¡¸ðºê (George Anthony Gamow, 1904.3.4~1968.8.19) ´ëÆø¹ß¼³(Big bang theory) Á¦¾È.
¿º¼¾ (Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen, 1907.6.25~1973.2.11) ¿øÀÚÇÙÀÇ ¸¶¹ý¼ö 2,8,20,28,50,82,126 (²®Áú¸ðÇü) Á¦¾È. 1963³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¸ÞÀ̾î (Maria Gertrude Mayer, 1906.6.28~1972.2.20) ¿øÀÚÇÙ ²®Áú¸ðÇü Á¦¾È. 1963³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
Çʺ긯(George A. Philbrick, ) »ó¾÷¿ë ¿¬»êÁõÆø±â(OP AMP) °³¹ß.
Ä«½Ã¹Ì¸£(Hendrick Brugt Gerhard Casimir, 1909.7.15~2000.5.4) Ä«½Ã¹Ì¸£ È¿°ú Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã39¼¼).
1949³â
»þ°¡ÇÁ (Erwin Chargaff, 1905.8.11~2002.6.20) DNAÀÇ ±¸¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ »þ°¡ÇÁ ¹ýÄ¢ Á¦¾È.
¹öÅÍÇʵå (Herbert Butterfield, 1900.7.10~1979.7.20) "±Ù´ë°úÇÐÀÇ ±â¿ø(The Origin of Modern Science)" Ãâ°£. "¼­±¸ ¼¼°è¸¦ ±Ù´ë·Î ¿Å°Ü ³õÀº »ç°ÇÀº Á¾±³°³ÇõÀ̳ª ¸£³×»ó½º°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °úÇÐÇõ¸í".
¶óÀÌÇî¹ÙÈå(Hans Reichenbach, 1891.9.26~1953.4.6) "È®·üÀÌ·Ð(The Theory of Probability)" Ãâ°£. È®·üÀ» ºóµµ(frequency, p=m/n)·Î Çؼ®.
¼¨³Í(Claude Elwood Shannon, 1916.4.30~2001.2.24) "Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌ·Ð" ¹ßÇ¥. Á¤º¸ ¿£Æ®·ÎÇÇ Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
1950³â
Ç÷¯µå(Merrill Meeks Flood, 1908~) ¿Í µå·¹¼Å(Melvin Drescher): Á˼öÀÇ µô·¹¸¶(Prisoner's dilemma) Á¦¾È. ÅÍÄ¿(Albert William Tucker, 1905.11.28~1995.1.25)°¡ ¸í¸í.
Ä«¸£³³(Rudolf Carnap, 1891.5.18~1970.9.14) "È®·üÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ±âÃÊ(Logical Foundation of Probability)" Ãâ°£.
6¿ù 25ÀÏ: Çѱ¹ ÀüÀï ¹ß¹ß.
1951³â
³ëÀ̸¸(John von Neumann, 1903.12.28~1957.2.8) ¼¼Æ÷ ÀÚµ¿ÀÚ(Cellular Automata)ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
1952³â
±Û·¹ÀÌÀú (Donald Arthur Glaser, 1926.9.21~) °ÅÇ°»óÀÚ(Bubble Chamber) ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 26¼¼). 1960³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).
11¿ù 1ÀÏ ÅÂÆò¾ç ¸¶¼£±ºµµ(Marshall islands)ÀÇ »êÈ£ÃÊ ¿¡³×¿þŸũ(Enewetak)¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¼ö¼ÒÆøź ½ÇÇè.
üÀ̽º(Matha Cowles Chase, 1930~2003, ´ç½Ã22¼¼)¿Í Çã½Ã(Alfred Day Hershey, 1908.12.4~1997.5.22): ¹ÚÅ׸®¿ÀÆÄÁöÀÇ DNA¸¸ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ·Î ħÅõÇÔÀ» °üÂû.
1953³â

4¿ù 25ÀÏ: ¿Ó½¼ (James Dewey Watson, 1928.4.6~)(´ç½Ã 25¼¼)°ú Å©¸¯(Francis Harry Compton Crick, 1916.6.8~2004.7.28)(´ç½Ã 37¼¼): DNA ÀÌÁß³ª¼± ±¸Á¶ ¹ßÇ¥(NatureÁö). 1962³â ³ëº§ »ý¸®ÀÇÇлó.
¹Ð·¯(Stanley Lloyd Miller, 1930.3.7~) À¯¸®°ü¿¡¼­ À¯±â¹° ¹ß»ý ½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã 23¼¼).
Å°ÅÚ (Charles Kittel, 1916~) "°íü¹°¸®ÀÔ¹®(Introduction to Solid State Physics)" ÃâÆÇ(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
°Ö¸¸(Murray Gell-Mann, 1929.9.15~, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼) ¶Ç µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª±î³ë(Tadao Nakano, 1926~, ´ç½Ã 27¼¼)¿Í ´Ï½ÃÁö¸¶(Kazuhiko Nishijima, 1926~, ´ç½Ã 27¼¼): Áß°£ÀÚÀÇ ¾çÀÚ¼ö ±â¹¦µµ(Strangeness) µµÀÔ.
9¿ù: ÆÐÅͽ¼ (Clair Cameron Patterson, 1922.6.2~1995.12.5) À¯¼ºÀÇ ÀÜÇØ ¿î¼®(meteorite)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö±¸ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ°¡ 45¾ï³âÀÓÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¹àÈû(´ç½Ã 31¼¼).
ºñÆ®°Õ½´Å¸ÀÎ(Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, 1889.4.26~1951.4.29) "öÇÐÀû Ž±¸(Philosophical Investigations)" Ãâ°£. ¾ð¾î°ÔÀÓ·Ð(Language-Game Theory) Á¦¾È.
¸ÞÆ®·ÎÆú¸®½º(Nicholas Constantine Metropolis, 1915.6.11~1999.10.17): ¿­¿ªÇÐ Èä³» ´ã±ÝÁú ¹æ¹ý (Thermodynamic Simulated Anealing Algorithm) °í¾È(´ç½Ã38¼¼).
1954³â
Ÿ¿î½º (Charles Hard Townes, 1915.7.28~) ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ±âü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ÞÀÌÀú(Maser, Microwave Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). 1964³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
È£ÇÁ½ºÅÂÅÍ (Robert Hofstadter, 1915.2.5~1975.11.17) ¾ç¼ºÀÚ¿Í Áß¼ºÀÚÀÇ ÀüÀÚ ±¸Á¶ ¿¬±¸(´ç½Ã 39¼¼). 1961³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
°¡¸ðºê (George Anthony Gamow, 1904.3.4~1968.8.19) ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀº 3°³ÀÇ ¿°±â¼­¿­¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÊÀ» ÁÖÀå.
1955³â
üÀÓ¹ú¸°(Owen Chamberlain, 1920.7.10~)°ú ¼¼±×·¹(Emilio Gino Segre, 1905.2.1~1989.4.22) º£¹ÙÆ®·Ð(Bevatron)°¡¼Ó±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¾ç¼ºÀÚ(Anti-Proton) ¹ß°ß. 1959³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.

¶óÀÏ (Martin Ryle, 1918.9.27~1984.10.14) ¿Ü°è ÀºÇÏÀÇ ºÐÆ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ß°ß(Big Bang TheoryÀÇ Áõ°Å, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼). 1974³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
1956³â


ÀÌÁ¤µµ(×ÝïÙÔ³, Tsung-Dao Lee, 1926.11.25~, ´ç½Ã 30¼¼)¿Í ¾çÁø³ç(åÅòÉÖ¸, 1922.9.22~,´ç½Ã 34¼¼): ¾àÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡¼­ ¹ÝÀü¼º(Parity) ºñº¸Á¸ Á¦¾È. 1957³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
ÄÚ¿ø(Clyde Lorrain Cowan, Jr, 1919~1974, ´ç½Ã 37¼¼) °ú ¶óÀ̴Ͻº(Frederick Reines, 1918.3.16~1998.8.26, ´ç½Ã 38¼¼, 1995³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó): ½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î Áß¼º¹ÌÀÚ(electron antineutrino) ¹ß°ß.
È£ÇÁ½ºÅÂÅÍ(Robert Hofstadter, 1915.2.5~1975.11.17) ¿øÀÚÇÙÀÇ ÀüÇÏ ±¸Á¶ Á¦¾È.
1957³â
4¿ù 13ÀÏ: ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹«±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±«ÆÃ°Õ 18ÀÎ ¼±¾ð (C. Weizsacker, Otto Hahn, W. Heisenberg, W. Paul, ...)
10¿ù 4ÀÏ: ¼Ò·Ã ½ºÇÁÆ®´Ð (Sputnik) 1È£ ¹ß»ç. 'µ¿¹ÝÀÚ'¶ó´Â ¶æ. ÈÄ·ç½ÃÃÊÇÁ(Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchyov, 1894.4.17~1971.9.11) Áý±Ç.
 
¹Ùµò(John Bardeen, 1903.5.28-1991.1.30), ÄíÆÛ(Leon Neil Cooper, 1930.2.28~, ´ç½Ã 27¼¼), ½´¸®ÆÛ(John Robert Schrieffer, 1931.5.31~, ´ç½Ã 26¼¼) BCS ÃÊÀüµµ ÀÌ·Ð ¹ßÇ¥. 1972³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
±¼µå (Gordon Gould, 1920.7.17~) ·¹ÀÌÀú(Laser, Light Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) ¸í¸í. Ãæµ¹À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Optically pumped ·¹ÀÌÀú ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã 37¼¼).
»þ¸£´ó (Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 1881.5.1~1955.4.10) "Àΰ£Çö»ó(The Human Phenomenon)" Ãâ°£. "À̸¥ »ý¸í" ÁÖÀå(¹«±â¹°µµ »ý¸íü).
1958³â
Ÿ¿î½º (Charles Hard Townes, 1915.7.28~, 1964³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó)¿Í ¼Ö·Î¿ì(Arthur Leonard Schawlaw, 1921.5.21~1999.4.28, 1981³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó) °øµ¿(Cavity)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ·¹ÀÌÀú ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È. (Phys. Rev. V 112, p 1940.)
¸þ½º¹Ù¿ì¾î (Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer, 1929.1.31~) ¸þ½º¹Ù¿ì¾î È¿°ú(recoil-free gamma-ray resonance absorption) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 29¼¼). 1961³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
ÇÚ½¼ (Norwood Russell Hanson, 1924~1967) "¹ß°ßÀÇ À¯Çü(Patterns of Discovery)"¿¡¼­ °üÂûÀÇ ÀÌ·Ð ÀÇÁ¸¼º(theory-laden observation) ÁÖÀå(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).
Æä·çÃ÷(Max Ferdinand Perutz, 1914.5.19~) X¼±À¸·Î Çì¸ð±Û·ÎºóÀÇ °áÁ¤±¸Á¶ Çؼ®. 1962³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
1959³â

ųºñ (Jack St. Clair Kilby, 1923.11.8~) ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÁýÀûȸ·Î ¿Ï¼º(´ç½Ã 36¼¼). 2000³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 77¼¼).
¾ß½ºÆÛ½º (Karl Theodor Jaspers, 1883.2.23~1969.2.26) "´ëÇÐÀÇ À̳ä(The Idea of the University)" Ãâ°£.
5¿ù 7ÀÏ: ½º³ë(Charles Percy Snow, 1905.10.15~1980.7.1) ¸®µå°­¿¬(Rede lecture)¿¡¼­ "µÎ°³ÀÇ ¹®È­¿Í °úÇÐÇõ¸í(The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution)"¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­¿¬. ³íÀï±â»ç.
ÄÚ³ÍÆ®(James Bryant Conant, 1893.3.26~1978.2.11) ù¹ø° ÄÚ³ÍÆ® º¸°í¼­ "¿À´ÃÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ °íµîÇб³(The American High school Today)" Á¦Ãâ.
·¯¼¿(Bertrand Arthur William Russel, 1872.5.18~1970.2.2) "»ó½Ä°ú ÇÙÀüÀï"¿¡¼­ °ÌÀïÀÌ°ÔÀÓ(Chicken game) Á¦¾È.
9¿ù: ¹Ì±¹ Woods Hole ȸÀÇ: 34ÀÎÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚ¿Í ±³À°ÀÚµéÀÌ °úÇб³À°¿¡ °üÇØ ³íÀÇ.
¾Æ·Î³ëÇÁ(Yakir Aharonov, 1932~, ´ç½Ã27¼¼)¿Í º¸¿È(David Joseph Bohm, 1917.12.20~1992.10.27): ¾Æ·Î³ëÇÁ-º¸¿È È¿°ú(Aharonov-Bohm Effect) Á¦¾È.
1960³â
Ÿ¿î½º (Charles Hard Townes, 1915.7.28~) ·¹ÀÌÀú(Laser) ƯÇã ȹµæ.
¸ÞÀ̸¸ (Theodore Harold Maiman, 1927.7.11~) óÀ½À¸·Î ÆÞ½ºÇü ·çºñ(Cr3+:Al2O3) ·¹ÀÌÀú Á¦ÀÛ(´ç½Ã 33¼¼).
ºê·ç³Ê(Jerome Seymour Bruner, 1915.10.1~) "±³À°ÀÇ °úÁ¤(Process of Education)" Ãâ°£. ³ª¼±Çü ±³À°°úÁ¤ Á¦¾È.
4¿ù 19ÀÏ: 4.19 Çõ¸í.
1961³â
°Ö¸¸(Murray Gell-Mann, 1929.9.15~, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼) ¿Í ³×¸¸(Yuval Ne'eman, 1925.5.14~, ´ç½Ã 36¼¼): ÆÈÁ¤µµ(Eightfold way rule)¼³ Á¦¾È.
5¿ù16ÀÏ: ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ(ÚÓïáý÷, 1917.11.14~1979.10.26) ±º»çÁ¤º¯.
1962³â
Á¶¼Á½¼ (Brian David Josephson, 1940.1.4~) ÃÊÀüµµÃ¼¿¡¼­ ÅͳÎÈ¿°ú¸¦ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¹Ãø(´ç½Ã 22¼¼). 1974³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 34¼¼).

Äï (Thomas Samuel Kuhn, 1922.7.18~1996.6.17) "°úÇÐÇõ¸íÀÇ ±¸Á¶(The structure of Scientific Revolutions)" Ãâ°£.
9¿ù 27ÀÏ: Ä«½¼(Rachel Louise Carson, 1907.5.27~1964.4.14) "ħ¹¬ÀÇ º½(Silent Spring)" Ãâ°£. DDT(dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane)ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ±ÝÁö½ÃÅ°´Â °è±â¸¶·Ã.
Áö¾ÆÄÚ´Ï(Riccardo Giacconi, 1931.10.6~): X¼± õü¸Á¿ø°æ Á¦ÀÛ(´ç½Ã31¼¼). 2002³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
1963³â
 
Å©·Ú¸Ó (Herbert Kroemer, 1928.8.25~) GaAs ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ·¹ÀÌÀú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̷а³¹ß(´ç½Ã 35¼¼). 2000³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
¸®Å° (Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey, 1903.8.7~1972.10.1) OlduvaiÀ¯Àû¿¡¼­ È£¸ðÇϺô¸®½º(Homo habilis) È­¼® ¹ß°ß.
1964³â
 
È£Çî¹ö±× (Pierre Claude Hohenberg,1934?~)¿Í ÄÜ (Walter Kohn, 1923.3.9~, 1998³â ³ëº§ È­Çлó.) ¹Ðµµ¹üÇÔ¼öÀÌ·Ð(Density Functional Theory) ¹ßÇ¥.
°Ç (John Battiscombe Gunn, 1928~) °Ç È¿°ú(Gunn effect) ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 36¼¼).
»ç¹Ì¿À½º (Nicholas Samios, 1934.5.16~, ´ç½Ã 30¼¼) ¿¬±¸ÆÀ: ¸¶Áö¸· ÁßÇÙÀÚ(hyperon) ¿À¸Þ°¡ ¸¶À̳ʽº ÀÔÀÚ ¹ß°ß.
ÇعÐÅÏ (William Donald Hamilton, 1936.8.1~2000.3.7) Ä£Á·¼±Å÷Ð(Kin selection theory), Æ÷°ý ÀûÀÀµµ¼³(Inclusive fitness theory) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã 28¼¼).
8¿ù 7ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹ ÀÇȸ ¿ù³² Æĺ´ °áÀÇ(1973³â 3¿ù ¹Ì±º ¿ÏÀüö¼ö).
º§(John Stewart Bell, 1928.6.28~1990.10.1) EPR¿ª¼³¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¸¸Á·ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ "º§ÀÇ ºÎµî½Ä(Bell's inequality)" Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã36¼¼).
1965³â

ÆæÁö¾Æ½º(Arno Allan Penzias, 1933.4.26~, ´ç½Ã 32¼¼)¿Í Àª½¼(Robert Woodrow Wilson, 1936.1.10~, ´ç½Ã 29¼¼): 3K ¿ìÁÖ¹è°æº¹»ç ¹ß°ß. 1978³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
ÆÐÅͽ¼ (Clair Cameron Patterson, 1922.6.2~1995.12.5) ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ħÀüµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ³³À» ¹æÃâÇÏ¿© ´ë±âÁß ³³³óµµ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸ÀÓ.
±Â¸Ç(Nelson Goodman, 1906.8.7~1998.11.25) "»ç½Ç, Ç㱸, ±×¸®°í ¿¹Ãø(Fact, Fiction, and Forecast)" Ãâ°£. ±×·ç-ºí¸° ¿ª¼³(Grue-Bleen riddle) Á¦¾È.
ÇðÆç(Carl Gustav Hempel, 1905.1.8~1997.11.9) "°úÇÐÀû ¼³¸íÀÇ Ãø¸é(Aspects of Scientific Explanation)" Ãâ°£.
¹öÅ©³Ê(Lloyd Viel Berkner, 1905.2.1~1967.6.4)¿Í ¸¶¼È(Lauriston Calvert Marshall, 1902~1979): įºê¸®¾Æ±â¿¡ »ê¼Ò°¡ ÃæºÐÇؼ­ »ý¹°ÀÌ Æø¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡Çß´Ù°í Á¦¾È.
1966³â
Àª¸®¾Ï½º (George Christopher Williams, 1926.5.12~) "ÀûÀÀ°ú ÀÚ¿¬¼±ÅÃ(Adaptation and Natural Selection)" Ãâ°£. À¯ÀüÀÚ Áß½ÉÀÇ Ä£Á·¼±ÅÃ(kin selection) Á¦¾È. Àª¸®¾Ï½º Çõ¸í(Williams Revolution).
1967³â
ÈÞÀ̽à (Antony Hewish, 1924.5.11~, 1974³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó) ¿Í º§(Susan Jocelyn Bell, 1943.7.15~, ´ç½Ã 24¼¼): ÆÞ¼­(Pulsar, ¸Æµ¿ÀüÆÄ¿ø, ºü¸£°Ô ȸÀüÇÏ´Â Áß¼ºÀÚº°) ¹ß°ß.
ÇÁ¸®µå¸¸(Jerome Isaac Friedman, 1930.3.28~, ´ç½Ã37¼¼), Ä˵é(Henry Way Kendall, 1926.12.9~1999.2.15), Å×ÀÏ·¯(Richard Edward Taylor, 1929.11.2~, ´ç½Ã38¼¼): "SLAC-MIT ½ÇÇè"À» ÅëÇØ ¿øÀÚÇÙÀÇ ÄõÅ© ±¸Á¶ Çظí. 1990³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
1968³â
¶óÄ«Åä½´(Imre Lakatos, 1922.11.9~1974.2.2) °úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
1969³â
7¿ù 20ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹ ¾ÆÆú·Î 11È£ (Apollo XI) ´ÞÂø·ú(ÃÖÃÊ·Î Àΰ£ ´ÞÂø·ú). ´Ò ¾Ï½ºÆ®·Õ (Neil Alden Armstrong, 1930.8.5~), ¿¡µåÀ© ¿Ãµå¸°(Edwin Eugene Aldrin,Jr, 1930.1.20~), ¸¶ÀÌŬ Äݸ°½º (Michael Collins, 1930.10.31~)
ÈÖÅÂÄ¿(Robert Harding Whittaker, 1920.12.27~1980.10.20) »ý¹° Æí¼º 5°è(Five Kingdom System, ¿øÇÙ Monera, ¿ø»ý Protista, ½Ä¹° Plantae, ±Õ·ù Fungi, µ¿¹° Animalia) Á¦¾È.
1970³â
Æ÷ÅÍ(Van Rensselaer Potter, 1911.8.27~2001.9.6) "»ý¸íÀ±¸®ÇÐ(bioethics)" ¿ë¾î Á¦Á¤.
µ¥À̺ñ½º2¼¼(Raymond Davis Jr, 1914.10.14~) ÅÂ¾ç ´ºÆ®¸®³ë(solar neutrino) ¹ß°ß. 2002³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
ÄÜ¿þÀÌ(John Horton Conway, 1937.12.26~) "»ý¸í °ÔÀÓ(Life Game)" ¹ß¸í(´ç½Ã33¼¼).
1971³â
½´ºò(Martin Shubik, 1926.3.24~) °ÔÀÓÀ̷п¡¼­ "´Þ·¯ °æ¸Å(The Dollar Auction)" Á¦¾È.
2¿ù 16ÀÏ: Çѱ¹°úÇбâ¼ú¿ø(KAIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ¼³¸³.
1972³â
¿¤µå¸®Áö(Niles Eldredge, 1943~, ´ç½Ã29¼¼)¿Í ±¼µå (Stephen Jay Gould, 1941.9.10~2002.5.20, ´ç½Ã31¼¼) "´Ü¼ÓÆòÇü¼³(Punctuated Equilibria Theory)" ÁÖÀå.
Æ÷ÆÛ (Karl Raimund Popper, 1902.7.28~1994.9.14) "°´°üÀû Áö½Ä(Objective Knowledge)".
1973³â
½ºÅĸ®(Steven M. Stanley, 1949?~) »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÇ ¿ø¸®·Î "¼öÈ®¿ø¸®(Cropping principle)" Á¦¾È.
º£³Ý(Charles Bennett, 1943~) ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿ë °¡¿ªÀû ¿¬»ê Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã30¼¼).
1974³â
¸®È÷ÅÍ(Burton Richter, 1931.3.22~)¿Í ÆÃ(Á¤Á¶Áß, ïËðÜñé, Samuel Chao Chung Ting, 1936.1.27~, ´ç½Ã38¼¼): J/ÇÁ»çÀÌ(c,-c·Î ±¸¼º) ÀÔÀÚ ¹ß°ß. 1976³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
·Ñ·±µå(Frank Sherwood Rowland, 1927.6.28~) ÇÁ·¹¿Â °¡½º°¡ ¿ÀÁ¸Ãþ Æı«ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀå. 1995³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
1975³â
ÆÞ (Martin Lewis Perl, 1927.6.24~) Ÿ¿ì ÀÔÀÚ ¹ß°ß. 1995³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
Àª½¼ (Edward Osborne Wilson, 1929.6.10~) "»çȸ»ý¹°ÇÐ: »õ·Î¿î Á¾ÇÕ(Sociobiology: The New Synthesis)" Ãâ°£.
ÆäÀ̾î¾Æº¥Æ® (Paul Feyerabend, 1924.1.13~1994.2.11) "¹æ¹ý¿¡ÀÇ µµÀü(Against Method: Outline of an anarchistic theory of Knowledge)" Ãâ°£.
1976³â
·çºñ¾Æ (Karlo Rubbia, 1934.3.31~) ¾ç¼ºÀÚ-¹Ý¾ç¼ºÀÚ ÀúÀ帵(storage ring) °³¹ß. 1984³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó. WÀÔÀÚ ¹ß°ß.
µµÅ²½º(Richard Dawkins, 1941.3.26~) "À̱âÀû À¯ÀüÀÚ(The Selfish Gene)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã 35¼¼).
·¹´õ¸Õ(Leon Max Lederman, 1922.7.15~)°ú Æ丣¹Ì ¿¬±¸¼Ò: Bottom quark ¹ß°ß.
ÇÏÄË(Wolfgang Haken, 1928.6.21~)°ú ¾ÆÆç(Kenneth Appel, 1932.11.8~): »ç»ö¹®Á¦(Four Color Problem) ÇØ°á
1977³â
¿ì½º (Carl Woese, 1925.7.15~) ¿ø½Ã¼¼±Õ(Archaea) ¹ß°ß.
·çºó(Vera Cooper Rubin, 1928.7.23~)°ú Æ÷µå(Kent Ford, ): ¾ÏÈæ¹°Áú(Dark matter) ¹ß°ß.
¶ó¿ìµç(Larry Laudan, 1941.10.16~) "Áøº¸¿Í ±× ¹®Á¦µé(Progress and Its Problems)" Ãâ°£(´ç½Ã36¼¼).
Æ۰Ž¼(Helaman Rolfe Pratt Ferguson, 1940~) PSLQ ¾Ë°í¸®Áò °³¹ß(´ç½Ã37¼¼). 20¼¼±â ÃÖ°íÀÇ 10´ë ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÁßÀÇ Çϳª.
1979³â
3¿ù 28ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾ÆÁÖ ½º¸®¸¶Àϼ¶(Three Mile Island) ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò ¹æ»ç´É À¯Ãâ.
·¡Æ÷Æ÷Æ®(Anatol Rapoport, 1911.5.22~) °ÔÀÓÀ̷п¡¼­ "Tit for Tat" Àü¼ú Á¦¾È.
DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron)¿¬±¸¼Ò: Ç® ÀÔÀÚ(gluon) ¹ß°ß.
1980³â
Ŭ¸®Äª (Klaus von Klitzing, 1943.6.28~) ¾çÀÚ È¦È¿°ú ¹ß°ß(´ç½Ã 37¼¼). 1985³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó(´ç½Ã 42¼¼).
10¿ù: ½ÃÄ«°í ÁøÈ­·Ð ÇÐȸ.
¾Ë¹Ù·¹Áî(Luis Walter Alvarez, 1911.6.13~1988.9.1)¿Í ¾Ë¹Ù·¹Áî (Walter Alvarez, 1940~, ´ç½Ã 40¼¼) Áö±¸-¼ÒÇ༺ Ãæµ¹¼³(impact theory) Á¦¾È.
1981³â
ºñ´ÏÈ÷(Gerd Binnig, 1947.7.20~)¿Í ·Î·¯(Heinrich Rohrer, 1933.6.6~): ÁÖ»ç Åõ°ú Çö¹Ì°æ(ñËÞÛ ÷âΦ úéÚ°Ìð, STM, Scanning Tunneling Microscope) ¹ß¸í. 1986³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó.
1982³â
¾çÀںмöÈ¿°ú (Fractional Quantum Hall Effect) ¹ß°ß: Daniel C. Tsui(1939~, 1998³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó), Horst L. Stormer(1949~, ´ç½Ã 39¼¼, 1998³â ³ëº§ ¹°¸®Çлó) and Arthur C. Gossard(1935~), Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1559 (1982).
¾Æ½ºÆä(Alain Aspect, 1947.6.15~) EPR ¿ª¼³(paradox) ÇØ°á ½ÇÇè(´ç½Ã35¼¼). ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇп¡¼­ ºñ±¹¼Ò¼º(non-locality), µ¿½Ã¼º(Synchronicity) ÀÔÁõ.
1¿ù5ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹ ¾ÆÄ­¼Ò(Arkansas)ÁÖ ÀçÆÇ¿¡¼­ âÁ¶·ÐÀÚµéÀÌ Æйè. ·ç½º(Michael Ruse, 1940.6.21~) ÁøÈ­·Ð ¿ËÈ£; "âÁ¶°úÇÐÀº °úÇÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù".
°í½Ã¹Ù(°í½Ã¹Ù ¸¶»çÅä½Ã, á³ãÃóãñÕ ¼Ò½ÃâÁØ, Koshiba Masatoshi, 1926.9.19~) ±âÈÄÇö(Ð÷ݽúã) Ä«¹Ì¿ÀÄ«(ãê˪ïë)ÀÇ Æ󱤻꿡 ¹°ÅÊÅ©(Kamiokande)¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© Áß¼º¹ÌÀÚ °üÃø.
ÆÄÀÎ¸Õ (Richard Phillips Feynman, 1918.5.11~1988.2.15) ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¦¾È.
1983³â


Æ÷´õ (Jerry Allan Fodor, 1935~) ½É¸®ÇÐ ¸ðµâ ÀÌ·Ð Á¦¾È.
µå ±×·í (R. A. de Groot) ¹¢·¯ (F. M. Mueller): NiMnSb¿Í PtMnSbÀÌ Àý¹Ý±Ý¼Ó(half-metal)ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ß.
·çºñ¾Æ (Karlo Rubbia, 1934.3.31~) ¾à»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¸Å°³ÀÔÀÚ W,Z ¹ß°ß. 1984³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
¸¶¼È(Barry Marshall, 1951.9.30~, ´ç½Ã32¼¼)°ú ¿ö·»(John Robin Warren, 1937.6.11~): Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ ÆÄÀϷθ®(Helicobacter pylori)±Õ ¹ß°ß.
9¿ù 1ÀÏ: ´ëÇÑÇ×°ø 007Æí ¼Ò·Ã ¿µ°ø¿¡¼­ °ÝÃß( ´ç½Ã Á¶Á¾»ç °Õ³ªµð ¿À½ÃÆ÷ºñÄ¡ Gennadie Osipovich, 1944?~, ´ç½Ã39¼¼).
1984³â
·¹ÀÌ°Ç(Ronald Wilson Reagan, 1911.2.6~2004.6.5) ´ëÅë·É: ¹Ì±¹ GPS(Global Positioning System)¸¦ ¹Î°£ÀÎÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÔ. KAL±â °ÝÃß°¡ °è±â.
º£³Ý(Charles Bennett, 1943~) ¾çÀÚ ¾ÏÈ£Åë½Å Á¦¾È.
1985³â
µµÀÌÄ¡(David Deutsch, 1953~) º¸Æí ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍ(Universal Quantum Computer) Á¦¾È(´ç½Ã32¼¼).
Å©·ÎÅä(Harold Walter Kroto, 1939.10.7~)¿Í ½º¸ô¸®(Richard Errett Smalley, 1943.6.6~): C60 Fullerene ÇÕ¼º. 1996³â ³ëº§È­Çлó.
1986³â
º¦³ë¸£Áî(Johannes Georg Bednorz, 1950.5.16~, ´ç½Ã 36¼¼)¿Í ¹Á·¯(Karl Alexander Muller, 1927.4.20~): (LaBa)3CuO4¿¡¼­ °í¿ÂÃÊÀüµµÃ¼ ¹ß°ß (T_c=30K). 1987³â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó.
4¿ù 26ÀÏ: ü¸£³ëºô(Chernobyl) ¿øÀÚ·Î »ç°í. ü¸£³ëºôÀÇ ±³ÈÆ.
10¿ù 4ÀÏ: ¼­¿ï Á¦10ȸ ¾Æ½Ã¾È °ÔÀÓ °³ÃÖ(~10.10).
11¿ù 9ÀÏ: Æ÷Ç×°ø°ú´ëÇб³(POSTECH, Pohang University of Science and Technology) °³±³.
1987³â
¹Ì±¹: °¡¼Ö¸°(gasoline)¿¡¼­ ³³(Pb, lead)¼ººÐÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÊ.
1988³â
9¿ù 17ÀÏ: ¼­¿ï Á¦24ȸ ÇÏ°è ¿Ã¸²ÇÈ °³ÃÖ(~10¿ù 2ÀÏ).
¸ð¸®½º(Michael Morris), ¼Õ(Kip Thorne), ¿Í ¿¹Ã¼¹ö(Uri Yertsever): ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¹ú·¹±¸¸Û(wormhole)À» ÅëÇØ ½Ã°£¿©Çà °¡´É¼º Á¦½Ã.
1989³â
¸óÆ®¸®¿Ã ÀÇÁ¤¼­(Montreal Protocol, ¿ÀÁ¸ÃþÀ» Æı«½ÃÅ°´Â ¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸óÆ®¸®¿Ã ÀÇÁ¤¼­) ¹ßÈ¿. Çѱ¹Àº 1992³â 5¿ù °¡ÀÔ.
1990³â


¿¡À̱۷¯(Donald M. Eigler,1953?~) Ni(110)¿¡ 35°³ÀÇ Xe¿øÀÚ·Î IBM±ÛÀÚ ¼¼±è.
NASAÀÇ COBE(COsmic Background Explorer) À§¼º ÆÀ: ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¹è°æº¹»ç ÃøÁ¤. ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¿Âµµ´Â 2.726 KÀÓÀ» º¸ÀÓ.
10¿ù: µ¶ÀÏ ÅëÀÏ.
1991³â
1¿ù 3ÀÏ: ·¹ÀÌ(Thomas Shelby Ray, 1954.9.21~) Àڱ⠺¹Á¦ Àΰø»ý¸í ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Tierra ¿Ï¼º (´ç½Ã37¼¼).
3¿ù 26ÀÏ: ±¸¹Ì°ø´Ü µÎ»êÀüÀÚ ³«µ¿°­ Æä³î(Phenol, C6H5OH) ¿À¿°»ç°Ç.
12¿ù: ¿»Ä£(Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, 1931.2.1~) ¼Ò·Ã ÇØü. µ¶¸³±¹°¡¿¬ÇÕ(CIS, Commonwealth of Independent States) ¼³¸³.
1992³â
10¿ù 31ÀÏ: ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(Johannes Paulus II, 1920.5.18~2005.4.2, 1978~2005 ÀçÀ§): °¥¸±·¹ÀÌ (Galileo Galilei, 1564.2.15~1642.1.8) ÀçÆÇ ¿À·ù ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í º¹¿ø½ÃÅ´.
1993³â
8¿ù7ÀÏ: Çѱ¹ "´ëÀü Expo 93" °³ÃÖ(~11¿ù7ÀÏ).
º£³Ý(Charles Bennett, 1943~) ¾çÀÚ °ø°£À̵¿(teleportation) Á¦¾È.
1994³â
¼î¾î(Peter Shor, 1959.8.14~) ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀμöºÐÇØ ¾Ë°í¸®µë °³¹ß(´ç½Ã35¼¼).
10¿ù 6ÀÏ: ¿ÍÀÏÁî(Andrew John Wiles, 1953.4.11~) Æ丣¸¶ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Á¤¸® Áõ¸í.
12¿ù: Æ÷Ç× ¹æ»ç±¤ °¡¼Ó±â(PLS, Pohang Light Source) ¿Ï°ø.
À§¿¡¾î(Denis Lawrence Weaire, ) ¿Í Æç¶õ(Robert Phelan, ): ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÎ Surface Evolver¸¦ ½á¼­ Kelvin ÃßÃø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý·Ê¸¦ º¸ÀÓ.
1995³â
Æ丣¹Ì ¿¬±¸¼Ò: top quark ¹ß°ß.
1996³â
¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(Johannes Paulus II, 1920.5.18~2005.4.2, 1978~2005 Àç): ÁøÈ­·Ð ÀÎÁ¤.
1997³â
±×·ç¹ö(Lov Kumar Grover, ) ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍ(Quantum computer)¸¦ ½á¼­ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ã´Â ¾Ë°í¸®Áò(Searching algorithm) °³¹ß.
Æĺ¸(Svante Pääbo, 1955~)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀ: ³×¾Èµ¥¸£Å»Àΰú ÇöÀç ÀηùÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥[Cell, V. 90, p. 19 (1997)].
1998³â
°í½Ã¹Ù(°í½Ã¹Ù ¸¶»çÅä½Ã, á³ãÃóãñÕ ¼Ò½ÃâÁØ, Koshiba Masatoshi, 1926.9.19~)¿Í ÃÊ-Ä«¹Ì¿ÀÄ­µ¥(super-Kamiokande) ½ÇÇè: Áß¼º¹ÌÀÚ Áøµ¿(neutrino oscillation) °üÃø.
Ãß¾Ó(Isaac Ike Chuang, 1969?~) 4 bit ¾çÀÚ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °³¹ß.
8¿ù 9ÀÏ: ÇìÀϽº(Thomas Callister Hales, 1958.6.4~) ÄÉÇ÷¯ÀÇ ÃßÃà(Kepler conjecture)À» Áõ¸íÇß´Ù°í ¼±Æ÷.
2000³â
3¿ù 12ÀÏ: ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼(Johannes Paulus II, 1920.5.18~2005.4.2, 1978~2005 ÀçÀ§): Áß¼¼ Á¾±³ÀçÆÇ, ½ÊÀÚ±º ¿øÁ¤, À¯´ëÀÎ ¹ÚÇØ, ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àεð¾ð ÇÐ»ì ¹æÁ¶, ¾Æ¶ø¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾àÅ», ±âµ¶±³µµµéÀÇ ºÐÆÄ, ¿©¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ï¾Ð µî ÀÏ°ö °¡Áö À߸øÀ» Âüȸ.
2001³â
9¿ù 11ÀÏ: ¹Ì±¹ 9.11 Å×·¯ ¹ß»ý.
2002³â
¾Æº§»ó(Abel prize) Á¦Á¤: ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ Á¤ºÎ°¡ 2200¸¸ ´Þ·¯ Ã⿬. ¶Ù¾î³­ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ³½ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸Å³â ¼ö¿©.
2003³â
2¿ù 18ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã 53ºÐ: ´ë±¸ ÁöÇÏö È­Àç Âü»ç (192¸í »ç¸Á, 148¸í Áß°æ»ó).
ÃÖ¼ö°æ(õËâªÌÏ, °æ»ó´ëÇб³ ¹°¸®Çаú, 1957.1.20~) »õ·Î¿î ÀÔÀÚ X(3872) ¹ß°ß.
2004³â
2¿ù Ȳ¿ì¼®(üÜéàà¸, 1952.12.15~, ¼­¿ï´ë ¼öÀÇ´ë): »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³­ÀÚ¿Í Ã¼¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹è¾Æ Áٱ⼼Æ÷ ¼ºÀå½ÃÅ´.
2005³â
UN ÁöÁ¤, ±¹Á¦ ¹°¸®ÀÇ ÇØ(International Year of Physics).
óÀ½À¸·Î, ÁýÀ¸·Î
Âü°íÀÚ·á
ÀÚÁÖ ¹¯´Â Áú¹®(FAQ)
°úÇÐ, ¼öÇÐ, ±â¼ú ¿¬´ë±â
Prof. Katz's Famous Scientists
60°©ÀÚ
»ç¶÷À̸§ÀÌ ºÙ¿©Áø ¹°¸® °³³äµé (by Dr. J. Andraos), °úÇÐ ¿ë¾î¸¦ ¸¸µç »ç¶÷µé (by Dr. J. Andraos)
À̹øÁÖÀÇ °úÇлç (ÁÖ·Î È­ÇÐ)
¼öÇлç
È­ÇÐ ¿ª»çÀÇ °íÀü ¹®Çå
±âü ¿îµ¿·ÐÀÇ ¿ª»ç by Professor C. David Levermore.
¾ÈÈ«¹è ±³¼öÀÇ Çѱ¹ °í´ë õ¹®ÇÐ

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